Ternary Diagrams for Predicting Strength of Soil Ameliorated with Different Types of Fly Ash
- PDF / 2,294,564 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 31 Downloads / 191 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Ternary Diagrams for Predicting Strength of Soil Ameliorated with Different Types of Fly Ash Adil Binal1 · Banu Ebru Binal2 Received: 8 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract In recent years, the use of geopolymer materials for ground improvement has increased with the growth in the construction sector. The lignite coal used in the thermal power plants in Turkey has low-calorie content. Thus, fly ash from these thermal power plants has high-lime content, making it unsuitable for cement production or as a cement additive material. Therefore, it is necessary to find different areas where fly ash can be utilised. In this study, the fly ashes of six power plants were tested to improve the properties of cohesive soil. The effects of fly ash along with the soil properties on improving the physicomechanical properties of the soil were examined with different mix designs. The effects of the curing period on the soil strength values were examined, and the unconfined compressive strength values of all mixtures were compared with those of the controlled specimens prepared with optimum water content. In the literature, seventeen various case studies on fly ash–soil remediation have been investigated. The data of this study and other studies were evaluated together, and multiple regression and artificial neural network analyses were performed to estimate the improved soil strength. Additionally, ternary contour diagrams were designed for assessing the fly ash–mixed soil strength using the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and fly ash. Keywords Fly ash · Geopolymer · Clay · Sand · Ternary diagram
1 Introduction Swelling in sub-grade soils is a significant problem because it causes surface cracks, heaves, and road foundation failure. One straightforward and conventional method is to remove the soft soil and replace it with gravel and crushed rocks. However, this process is not an economical method for eliminating swelling soils. Therefore, many stabilisation techniques have been developed to prevent the harmful swelling soil effects beneath the structures. One such economical solution is the amelioration of on-site soil with additive materials, such as lime, fly ash, cement, and polymer. Using fly ash to improve soils has a dual benefit: one is that it is the most economical process, and the other is that it * Adil Binal [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations, Ankara, Turkey
2
eliminates the harmful power plant products without causing any environmental issues. Annually, more than 600 million tons of fly ash is produced worldwide. Thermal power plants in Turkey use approximately 55 million tons of lignite coal each year, and as a result, 16 million tons of fly ash is left to the natural environment as waste [1]. Further, the total amount of fly ash
Data Loading...
