Ternary Fission Mass Distributions of Superheavy Nuclei Within a Statistical Model
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Ternary Fission Mass Distributions of Superheavy Nuclei Within a Statistical Model S. Subramanian1,2,4 · M. T. Senthil Kannan3
· S. Selvaraj2,4
Received: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Sociedade Brasileira de F´ısica 2020
Abstract Theoretical models predict the existence of an island of stability at the proton shell closures Z = 114 or 120 or 126 and at the neutron shell closure N = 184 due to the microscopic shell effects. In this article, mass distributions of fragments from ternary fission of superheavy nuclei are investigated with the aid of the statistical theory. We have computed the fission mass 310 distributions for the simultaneous decay into three fragments of nuclei 298 Fl, 304 120 X and 126 X, at the two excitation energies ∗ 50 72 E = 20 and 50 MeV, with the constraint on one of the fragment to be Ca and Ni. With the fixed third fragments of mass number A3 = 50, 72, asymmetric breakup (A1 = A2 ) has a larger ternary fission yield for Z = 114, 120 and 126 isotopes. Predominantly, one of the fragments with the neutron closed-shell nucleus (N ≈ 82, 50) is favoured at higher excitation energies. Subsequently, we have considered the ternary fragmentation of the neutron-rich superheavy elements 314 X and 320 X again for the same excitation energies and fixed third fragment. Interestingly, for the superheavy nucleus 120 126 314 X, symmetric fission (A ≈ A ) with doubly closed-shell nuclei 132 Sn for the third fragment 50 Ca is favoured at higher 1 2 120 E∗ . For the isotope 320 X, relative yields of fragments with closed shell increase at higher excitation energy. 126 Keywords Superheavy nuclei · Ternary fission · Statistical theory · Level density approach · Fission mass distributions
1 Introduction The superheavy nuclei (SHN) research has become one of the frontiers of modern nuclear science. The study of superheavy elements [1, 2] has been encouraged by a desire to answer many fundamental questions concerning nuclear and atomic physics. To be specific, the search for long-lived V. O. Chidambaram College and The M. D. T. Hindu College are affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli. M. T. Senthil Kannan
[email protected] S. Subramanian [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, V. O. Chidambaram College, 628 008 Thoothukudi, India
2
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, 627 012 Tirunelveli, India
3
5/295, Murugan Nagar, K. Vadamadurai, 641 017 Coimbatore, India
4
Department of Physics, The M. D. T. Hindu College, 627 010 Tirunelveli, India
SHN in nature is one of the active fields for the past few decades. Earlier theoretical calculations [3–13] predict the superheavy magic numbers (the so-called island of stability [3]) at Z = 114, 120 and 126, and N = 172 or 184 for neutrons. Many experimental investigations [14–16] have been carried out to explore the ‘island of stability’ of SHN during the last few decades. The stability of the SHN is enhanced due to the microscopic shell effects since the liquid drop barrier vanishes in the su
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