The application of texture quantification in hepatocellular carcinoma using CT and MRI: a review of perspectives and cha
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The application of texture quantification in hepatocellular carcinoma using CT and MRI: a review of perspectives and challenges Ismail Bilal Masokano1, Wenguang Liu1, Simin Xie1, Dama Faniriantsoa Henrio Marcellin2, Yigang Pei1* and Wenzheng Li1*
Abstract Recently, radiomic texture quantification of tumors has received much attention from radiologists, scientists, and stakeholders because several results have shown the feasibility of using the technique to diagnose and manage oncological conditions. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, radiomics has been applied in all stages of tumor evaluation, including diagnosis and characterization of the genotypic behavior of the tumor, monitoring of treatment responses and prediction of various clinical endpoints. It is also useful in selecting suitable candidates for specific treatment strategies. However, the clinical validation of hepatocellular carcinoma radiomics is limited by challenges in imaging protocol and data acquisition parameters, challenges in segmentation techniques, dimensionality reduction, and modeling methods. Identification of the best segmentation and optimal modeling methods, as well as texture features most stable to imaging protocol variability would go a long way in harmonizing HCC radiomics for personalized patient care. This article reviews the process of HCC radiomics, its clinical applications, associated challenges, and current optimization strategies. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Texture quantification, Radiomics, Clinical validation
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by an increasing incidence, higher mortality, and morbidity burden. Currently, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with about 50 % of all cases occurring in China alone [1]. The high mortality and morbidity burden mostly results from the late presentation of the disease in the majority of patients. In most cases, the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in the setting of cirrhosis can be effectively achieved using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging without the need for histological confirmation [2]. In recent years, there is * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
an increasing need for better characterization of tumor heterogeneity and prediction of survival outcomes to permit individualized patient care. In this regard, the conventional qualitative CT and MR imaging modalities have fallen short, and consequently, the growing demand for more objective quantification of texture features. Quantitative texture analysis of medical images – considered as a virtual biopsy technique – explores the microscopic details of a tumor by taking advantage of the spatial distribution and variation in the gray-level intensities of the pixels/voxels that mak
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