The assessment of leading traits in the taxonomy of the Bacillus cereus group
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The assessment of leading traits in the taxonomy of the Bacillus cereus group Mariano A. Torres Manno . Guillermo D. Repizo . Christian Magni . Christopher A. Dunlap . Martı´n Espariz
Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains (B. cereus group) are widely distributed in nature and have received interest for decades due to their importance in insect pest management, food production and their positive and negative repercussions in human health. Consideration of practical uses such as virulence, physiology, morphology, or ill-defined features have been applied to describe and classify species of the group. However, current comparative studies have exposed inconsistencies between Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01494-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. A. Torres Manno C. Magni M. Espariz (&) Laboratorio de Biotecnologı´a e Inocuidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Municipalidad de Granadero Baigorria, Sede Suipacha 590, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] M. A. Torres Manno C. Magni M. Espariz Laboratorio de Fisiologı´a y Gene´tica de Bacterias La´cticas, Instituto de Biologı´a Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR - CONICET), sede FCByF - UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina M. A. Torres Manno M. Espariz ´ rea Estadı´stica y Procesamiento de Datos, Departamento A de Matema´tica y Estadı´stica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
evolutionary relatedness and biological significance among genomospecies of the B. cereus group. Here, the combined analyses of core-based phylogeny and all versus all Average Nucleotide Identity values based on 2116 strains were conducted to update the genomospecies circumscriptions within B. cereus group. These analyses suggested the existence of 57 genomospecies, 37 of which are novel, thus indicating that the taxonomic identities of more than 39% of the analyzed strains should be revised or updated. In addition, we found that whole-genome in silico analyses were suitable to differentiate genomospecies such as B. anthracis, B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. The prevalence of toxin and virulence factors coding G. D. Repizo Departamento de Microbiologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquı´micas y Farmace´uticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina G. D. Repizo Laboratorio de Resistencia bacteriana a antimicrobianos, Instituto de Biologı´a Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), sede FCByF - UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina C. A. Dunlap United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, U
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