The association between anogenital distance and benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms in Chi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The association between anogenital distance and benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms in Chinese aging men Yi Lu1 · Shujun Fan2 · Yuxuan Song1 · Kang Liu1 · Kechong Zhou1 · Jiaqi Kang1 · Shangren Wang1 · Yongjiao Yang3 · Xiaoqiang Liu1 Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose We conducted the study to investigate the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods From May 2018 to January 2020, 220 subjects: 110 men with BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS group) and 110 men without any urination complaints (control group) were selected. Clinical questionnaires, detailed physical examinations, including AGDas (distance between the anus and posterior base of the scrotum) and AGDap (distance between the anus and upper penis) measurements, and blood tests were all assessed. Results The two groups were similar in terms of basic features (P > 0.05). The AGDap and AGDas in the control group were significantly shorter than the BPH-LUTS group (P 0.05 for all). The associations between TT and BPH-LUTS related evaluations were also negligible (P > 0.05 for all). Furthermore, the study revealed that the AGDas cut-off values for mild, moderate, and severe symptom (based on IPSS score) in BPH-LUTS cases were 27.4 mm and 46.8 mm [area under curve (AUC): 0.802 and AUC: 0.779, respectively], respectively. Conclusion Longer AGDas was related to more severe BPH related symptoms. It may be useful to consider AGD as a marker for BPH-LUTS. Further well-designed studies are remained to be done to explore the intriguing problem. Keywords Anogenital distance · Benign prostatic hyperplasia · Fetal androgen exposure · Lower urinary tract symptoms
Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common benign condition in aging males, which happens mostly in men over 50 years [1]. According to previously published literature: * Xiaoqiang Liu [email protected] 1
Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
2
7th Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
3
Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
the prevalence of BPH increases with aging, from 60% at age 40–45 years to 80% at age 80 [2]. BPH, the benign growth of the prostate gland, is histopathologically characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle and epithelial, connection tissues [3]. However, the etiology of BPH is still unclear, but it was clear that BPH was associated with functional testes and testosterone [2, 3]. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a group of symptoms, which are common in adult men, especially in men with BPH [2]. In these years, there is increasing indirect evidence from both clinical and e
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