The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents
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(2020) 20:181
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents Sahar Golpour-Hamedani1,2, Nahid Rafie1,2, Makan Pourmasoumi3, Parvane Saneei2,4* and Sayyed Morteza Safavi1,2*
Abstract Background: To evaluate the association between diet and disease, the consideration of a whole diet has appeared to be more effective than the examination of single-nutrient intake. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity in Iranian children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 children aged 11–18 years, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The usual food intake for each participant assessed using a validated Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To calculate the dietary diversity score, food items were categorized into 5 broad groups and 23 subgroups based on the US Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid. Participants were categorized based on the DDS tertile cut-off points. Anthropometric measurements were conducted based on standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as 85th ≤ BMI < 95th, and ≥ 95th percentiles of BMI, respectively. Additionally, abdominal obesity was considered as WC ≥ 85th percentile. Results: Mean and standard deviation (SD) of subjects’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were 20.88 (SD 4.22) kg/m2 and 74.27 (SD 10.31) cm, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was increased as tertiles of DDS increased (OR among tertiles: 1.00, 1.82 and 2.13 for overweight and 1.00, 2.60 and 3.45 for obesity; this was the same for abdominal obesity: 1.00, 2.22 and 3.45, P < 0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant results were found after adjustment for energy intake. Conclusion: Dietary diversity positively affected obesity through higher energy intake. Despite the wide recommendation of having high dietary diversity, public health programs should emphasize to improve dietary diversity only in selective food items. Keywords: Dietary diversity score, Food variety, Overweight, Obesity, Abdominal obesity
Background Obesity is a public health problem that affects all age groups and both genders [1]. Recently, a dramatic increase in obesity rates, especially in children, has been reported * [2]. Overweight and obesity are the emerging * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran 1 Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
threats to the health status of adolescents living in both developed and developing countries * [2]. More recent data demonstrate that the worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is approximately 25% * [3]. Iran is no exception in this respect, and approximately 15.1 and 8.3% of child
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