The association between familial and environmental factors and prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in center of Iran
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The association between familial and environmental factors and prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in center of Iran Mahin Hashemipour 1 & Roya Kelishadi 2 & Mohammad Mehdi Amin 3 & Parinaz Poursafa 3 & Masoumeh Rashidi 4 & Neda Mehrnejat 5 & Silva Hovsepian 6 Received: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 19 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this current study is to investigate the association between familial and environmental factors and prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Isfahan province. In this retrospective cohort study, data of the neonates referred for CH screening in different cities of Isfahan province were evaluated. Data regarding air and soil (lead, cadmium) pollutants were collected. The spatial association between mentioned environmental pollutants and prevalence of CH in different cities of Isfahan province was evaluated by using GIS software, and multilevel linear regression was used for evaluating the levels of environmental pollutants and neonates’ serum TSH. During the study period, 389,945 neonates were screened, from which 934 diagnosed with CH (1 in 417 neonates).The prevalence rate of CH was ranged from < 20 in 10,000 live births to > 45 in 10,000 live births in different cities of Isfahan province. There was no any significant association between level of soil lead and cadmium and air pollutants with prevalence of CH in different cities of Isfahan province (P > 0.05).There was a significant positive association between soil cadmium and air pollution evaluated by air quality index (AQI) and level of screening serum TSH in CH patients. Considering the significant association between cadmium and AQI with first serum TSH, it is inferred that the interaction of genetic, autoimmune, familial, and environmental factors with each other could influence on neonatal thyroid function. It seems that the role of some mentioned component is more prominent which should be investigated in future researches. Keywords Congenital hypothyroidism . Nitrate . Lead . Cadmium . Environmental pollutants . Familial factors
Introduction Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of pediatric population with a prevalence rate of .1 in 3000/4000 live birth (Klett 1997; Büyükgebiz 2013). CH is associated with neurodevelopmental
consequences. The consequences would be prevented appropriately if the disorder diagnoses and treat during neonatal period through screening program of CH (Klett 1997; LaFranchi 2011; Büyükgebiz 2013). Findings of CH screening in Iran as well as Isfahan, the second large city of Iran, indicated that the prevalence of CH
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Silva Hovsepian [email protected]
3
Environmental Health Department, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1
4
Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Teh
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