The association of both self-reported and behavioral impulsivity with the annual prevalence of substance use among early
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Martínez-Loredo et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy (2015) 10:23 DOI 10.1186/s13011-015-0019-0
RESEARCH
Open Access
The association of both self-reported and behavioral impulsivity with the annual prevalence of substance use among early adolescents Víctor Martínez-Loredo1*, José Ramón Fernández-Hermida1, Sergio Fernández-Artamendi1, José Luís Carballo2, Eduardo García-Cueto1 and Olaya García-Rodríguez1
Abstract Background: In relation to substance use, Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 14 can be largely classified in four groups, from highest to lowest prevalence: a) No substance use, b) Only alcohol use, c) Alcohol and tobacco use, and d) Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. The aim of the present study is to analyze the possible relationship between impulsivity and the substance-use group to which the young person belongs Methods: One thousand three hundred and forty-eight adolescents aged 12 to 14 in northern and eastern Spain reported their drug use, completed impulsivity self-reports (BIS-11-A and ImpSS) and performed behavioral tasks (Stroop Test and Delay Discounting). Results: Results from both measurement approaches were related to early drug use. An increasing impulsivity trend is found across groups from less to more substance involvement, except in the case of Delay Discounting, which is sensitive only for those with more substance-involved. Conclusions: Impulsivity is a key factor for early drug use, especially as regards more substance-involved. This should be taken into account in designing prevention programs or as a key variable for interventions aimed at delaying the onset of substance use. Keywords: Adolescents, Impulsivity, Substance use, Delay discounting, Disinhibition, Self-reports
Background Age of onset of drug use in Spain, especially alcohol and tobacco, is around 13 years [1]. Among adolescents, the annual substance-use involvement falls within one of four main groups, from less to more involvement: 1) no substance use (NSG), 2) only alcohol use (AG), 3) alcohol and tobacco use (ATG), and 4) alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use (ATCG) [2]. Early substance use is a risk for the health and well-being of adolescents, especially when different substances are mixed [3]. One important research goal is to identify the factors mediating early substance use and, even more, use in high-risk patterns * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33003, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
such as the mixed use of different substances. Identifying these factors could improve the effectiveness and efficiency of selective and indicated prevention strategies. Impulsivity is an important factor related to the onset of drug use [4] and for predicting the escalation of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use in adolescents [5]. Although there is no agreed definition of impulsivity [6–8], most definitions include features such as lack of planning, inattention, preference for so
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