The burden of healthcare-associated infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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(2020) 48:77
Tropical Medicine and Health
REVIEW
Open Access
The burden of healthcare-associated infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu1* , Aklilu Endalamaw2 and Wubet Alebachew Bayih1
Abstract Background: Different primary studies in Ethiopia showed the burden of nosocomial infection across geographical setting and variant period. However, the national level of burden and types of healthcare-associated infections were unknown. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the overall nationwide burden and types of healthcare-associated infections in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and Addis Ababa University repository by date April 7, 2020. To assess publication bias, Egger’s test regression analysis was applied. Weightinverse random-effect model meta-analysis was used. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on ward type, study region, study design, sample size and diagnostic method, ward type, and study participants. Results: A total of 18 studies with 13,821 patients participated in the overall prevalence estimation. The pooled prevalence of healthcare-associated infection was 16.96% (95% CI 14.10–19.82). Specifically, surgical site infection (39.66%), urinary tract infection (27.69%), bloodstream infection (19.9%), dual infections (SSI and UTI) (14.01%), and respiratory tract (13.51%) were the commonest types of healthcare-associated infection. In subgroup analysis, the highest overall prevalence was observed as surgical, gynecology, and obstetrics ward (22.42%). Conclusions: The national prevalence of healthcare-associated infection remains high. The most common type of HCAI was surgical site infection, followed by urinary tract infection, bloodstream infection, SSI and UTI, and respiratory tract infection. The overall prevalence was highest in surgical, gynecology, and obstetrics ward. Hence, infection prevention and control should be a priority agenda in healthcare with due emphasis for surgical patients. Keywords: Burden, Healthcare-associated infection, Meta-analysis, Ethiopia
Background Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is a preventable infection that a patient can encounter in a healthcare facility while receiving medical care [1, 2]. It occurs after 48 h of hospital admission, up to 3 days after discharge, or up to 30 days after the operation when someone was admitted for reasons other than infection [2]. Surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), bloodstream infection (BSI), and pneumonia or respiratory * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
tract infection (RTI) were the commonest types of HCAI elsewhere [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 HCAI fact sheet report, a hundred million patients were affected each year globally. This rep
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