The Case Fatality Rate in COVID-19 Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Global Health Challenge and Paradigm in the Cur
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COVID-19 (ATY LAU AND A KONG, SECTION EDITORS)
The Case Fatality Rate in COVID-19 Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Global Health Challenge and Paradigm in the Current Pandemic Siddhartha Dan 1 & Mohit Pant 2 & Sushil Kumar Upadhyay 3 Accepted: 8 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is identified from Wuhan, China, and has spread almost worldwide. Recently, the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed to kill millions of people worldwide and is dangerous to society health, survival, and livelihood. The people with cardiovascular problems are noticed as most common patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a greater risk of mortality and morbidity in these patients than other patients of COVID-19. In the heart, expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and response effect of hyperactivity with angiotensin II associated to the renin-angiotensin mechanism are key factors of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure. Recent Findings Mortality rates have been observed about 10.5% cases in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, a mortality rate of 52% was recorded in patients with heart failure, while 12% recovered ultimately. The occupancy of intense injury controlled by troponin elevation was a noteworthy factor in relation to mortality. Among 187 patients infected with SARSCoV-2, about 35% were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) history and 28% with raised troponin. Troponin elevation was identified more frequently (55%) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Mortality rate in patients without cardiovascular diseases and normal troponin was 7.6%, normal troponin and cardiovascular disease with 13.3%, augmented troponin and without cardiovascular disease 37.5%, however 69.4% among cardiovascular disease and advanced troponin. Summary The study reflected a significant association of case fatality rate (CFR) to COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular diseases which supposed to be the most common dangerous risk factor and health challenge during the current pandemic situation. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . Case fatality rate . Cardiovascular disease . Heart failure . Myocardial infarction
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) is a member of RNA family beta human coronavirus
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Sushil Kumar Upadhyay [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
2
University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
3
Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
identified in Wuhan City, China. The case of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first admitted in a center on 12 December 2019, and the primary phase of patients was first recognized on 6 January 2020. Even the hu
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