The $$CiS^2$$ C i S 2 : a new metric for performance an
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The CiS2 : a new metric for performance and energy trade-off in consolidated servers Carlos Juiz1 • Belen Bermejo1 Received: 28 March 2019 / Revised: 25 October 2019 / Accepted: 30 December 2019 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The increased use of cloud services has turned the virtualization in the main technology that supports cloud datacentres. To reduce the increment of power consumption caused in datacenters due to the addition of physical servers, system administrators are using virtual machine consolidation (VMC) techniques which tries to allocate the adequate number of virtual machines per physical server. Therefore, VMC increases server resources utilization and as a consequence its performance degradation and the energy consumption too. Then, a trade-off between the performance and the energy consumption exists when consolidating virtual machines. This trade-off is difficult to quantify and also to determine the servers efficiency taking into account a specific number of allocated virtual machines. Because of this, it is crucial for system administrators having a simple metric that assists the VMC making-decision process. In this paper, we propose the CiS2 index, a metric to quantify this performance-energy trade-off. Also, this index can help system administrators to decide about the servers’ efficiency through benchmarking and to select the most efficient server through a proposed algorithm. Besides, we propose a simple graphical representation of the index to distinguish graphically the efficient and non-efficient server consolidations. We validate the index in a theoretical manner and performing real experiments in different physical servers under CPU workload saturation. Obtained results show that the proposed index reflects the performance-energy trade-off behaviour and it helps systems’ administrators when consolidating virtual machines. Keywords Metrics Consolidation Performance Energy Servers Benchmarking
1 Introduction In the last years, organizations started to be concerned about the impact of information technology (IT) in energy consumption. Due to that, they are trying to implement Green IT initiatives to make their businesses environmentfriendly, sustainable and cost-effective [36, 38]. Datacentres are becoming an area of IT business where environmental sustainability is imperative especially in cloud companies. In fact, a cloud datacentre comprises thousands of servers offering a variety of services through the Internet including cloud services: SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS [35]. & Belen Bermejo [email protected] Carlos Juiz [email protected] 1
The increasing demand for cloud services has driven building larger datacentres, as massive server farms. The datacentre’s servers consume a huge amount of power and also emit greenhouse gases in the form of CO2 . In a current datacentre, the 30% of servers either are even not used or their utilization ratio is very low, around 5–10% [3, 25]. Also, servers
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