The Dark Side of Behaviour at Work Understanding and avoiding employ

Corporations of every size have experience of employees who are guilty of lying, stealing, sabotage, hacking, destruction of files and data, and more than a few corporations have been, and continue to be, devastated by the activities of whistleblowers. Pr

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Adrian Furnham and John Taylor

THE DARK SIDE OF BEHAVIOUR AT WORK

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The Dark Side of Behaviour at Work Understanding and avoiding employees leaving, thieving and deceiving

Adrian Furnham John Taylor

© Adrian Furnham and John Taylor 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-1-4039-3577-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-51813-5 ISBN 978-0-230-51010-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230510104 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04

For Benedict (AF) For Abi and Rach (JT)

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vii

Contents

List of Figures

viii

List of Tables

ix

Preface

x

Acknowledgements

xii

Introduction

xiii

1

The Overview

2

Theories of Dark-side Motivation

27

3

Betrayal: The Unsettling Forces

45

4

Counterproductive Behaviours at Work

83

5

Bad-person Theories

130

6

Measuring Dark- and Bright-side Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours

144

7

Integrity Testing

164

8

The Psychology of Deception and Lying

193

9

Protecting Your Assets

215

Fostering Loyalty

242

10

1

Bibliography

266

Index

275

viii

List of Figures

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

The person–organization fit Performance over time for three hypothetical types Four opportunities to instill loyalty A possible, pessimistic scenario Reactions to critical incidents

4 6 12 17 22

3.1 3.2

The unsettling forces The possible responses of employees as they experience poor management

50 78

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Typology of deviant workplace behaviour A model of workplace deviance A causal reasoning model o