The deep structure of the Duanqiao hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge
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The deep structure of the Duanqiao hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge SUN Chaofeng1, 2, WU Zhaocai1, 2, TAO Chunhui1, 2*, RUAN Aiguo1, 2, ZHANG Guoyin1, 2, GUO Zhikui1, 2, 3, HUANG Enxian4 1 Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 2 Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 3 Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Oceanography, Wuhan 430074, China 4 Henan Province Earthquake Administration, Zhengzhou 450016, China
Received 24 April 2016; accepted 25 May 2016 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
Polymetalic sulfide is the main product of sea-floor hydrothermal venting, and has become an important sea-floor mineral resources for its rich in many kinds of precious metal elements. Since 2007, a number of investigations have been carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association (COMRA ) cruises (CCCs) along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). In 2011, the COMRA signed an exploration contract of sea-floor polymetallic sulfides of 10 000 km2 on the SWIR with the International Seabed Authority. Based on the multibeam data and shipborne gravity data obtained in 2010 by the R/V Dayang Yihao during the leg 6 of CCCs 21, together with the global satellite surveys, the characteristics of gravity anomalies are analyzed in the Duanqiao hydrothermal field (37°39′S, 50°24′E). The “subarea calibration” terrain-correcting method is employed to calculate the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and the ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) profile is used to constrain the two-dimensional gravity anomaly simulation. The absent Moho in a previous seismic model is also calculated. The results show that the crustal thickness varies between 3 and 10 km along the profile, and the maximum crustal thickness reaches up to 10 km in the Duanqiao hydrothermal field with an average of 7.5 km. It is by far the most thicker crust discovered along the SWIR. The calculated crust thickness at the Longqi hydrothermal field is approximately 3 km, 1 km less than that indicated by seismic models, possibly due to the outcome of an oceanic core complex (OCC). Key words: crustal thickness, Duanqiao hydrothermal field, gravity anomaly, polymetallic sulfides, Southwest Indian Ridge Citation: Sun Chaofeng, Wu Zhaocai, Tao Chunhui, Ruan Aiguo, Zhang Guoyin, Guo Zhikui, Huang Enxian. 2018. The deep structure of the Duanqiao hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(3): 73–79, doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-0986-2
1 Introduction A new oceanic crust is generated at the mid-ocean ridge (MOR) by decompression melting, upwelling and cooling of the underlying mantle (Plank and Langmuir, 1992; Asimow and Langmuir, 2003). The spreading process is accompanied by volcanic, seismic and hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal venting occurred along MOR is a thermodynamic process of interaction among magmatism, tectonism (Tuchol
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