The diversity of molecular mechanisms of carbonate biomineralization by bacteria
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The diversity of molecular mechanisms of carbonate biomineralization by bacteria Sigrid Görgen1,3 · Karim Benzerara1 · Fériel Skouri‑Panet1 · Muriel Gugger2 · Franck Chauvat3 · Corinne Cassier‑Chauvat3 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract Although biomineralization of C aCO3 is widespread in Bacteria and Archaea, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain less known than those used by Eukaryotes. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for a broad diversity of studies including those (i) aiming at assessing the role of bacteria in the geochemical cycles of Ca and C, (ii) investigating the process of fossilization, and (iii) engineering applications using bacterially mediated CaCO3 mineralization. Different types of bacterially-mediated mineralization modes have been distinguished depending on whether they are influenced (by extracellular organic molecules), induced (by metabolic activity) or controlled (by specific genes). In the first two types, mineralization is usually extracellular, while it is intracellular for the two ascertained cases of controlled bacterial mineralization. In this review, we list a large number of cases illustrating the three different modes of bacterially-mediated C aCO3 mineralization. Overall, this shows the broad diversity of metabolic pathways, organic molecules and thereby microorganisms that can biomineralize C aCO3. Providing an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved and a good knowledge of the molecular drivers of carbonatogenesis, the increasing number of (meta)-omics studies may help in the future to estimate the significance of bacterially mediated CaCO3 mineralization. Keywords Prokaryote · Biologically-influenced mineralization · Biologically-induced mineralization · Biologicallycontrolled mineralization · Alkalinity engine · MICP · Heterogeneous nucleation · ACC · Exopolymeric substances Abbreviations ACC Amorphous calcium carbonate CA Carbonic anhydrase CEMOVIS Cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous section EPS Extracellular polymeric substances iACC Intracellular amorphous Ca-carbonate
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-020-00001-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Karim Benzerara, karim.benzerara@sorbonne‑universite.fr; Sigrid Görgen, sigrid.gorgen@sorbonne‑universite.fr; Fériel Skouri‑Panet, feriel.skouri‑panet@sorbonne‑universite.fr; Muriel Gugger, [email protected]; Franck Chauvat, [email protected]; Corinne Cassier‑Chauvat, Corinne.CASSIER‑[email protected] | 1Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique Des Matériaux Et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. 2Collection Des Cyanobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. 3Université Paris‑Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France. Discover Materials
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