The Drift of Sea Ice
The Second Edition of The Drift of Sea Ice presents the fundamental laws of sea ice drift which come from the material properties of sea ice and the basic laws of mechanics. The resulting system of equations is analysed for the general properties of sea i
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Matti LeppaÈranta
The Drift of Sea Ice (Second Edition)
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Professor Matti LeppaÈranta Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc., F.I.O.A., Senior Scientist, Department of Physics, University of Bath, UK
ISBN 978-3-642-04682-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-04683-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04683-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010929859
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
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Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project copy editor: Rachael Wilkie Typesetting: Aarontype Limited Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Preface to the first edition
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Preface to the second edition
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
List of figures
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
List of tables
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
List of symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x xv
List of abbreviations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
.............................................. 1
1
Introduction
2
Drift ice material
........................................... 2.1 Sea ice cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Sea ice landscape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Sea ice zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Sea ice charting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Ice floes to drift ice particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
