The Dynamics of the Morphology and Chemical Properties of Forest Litter during Natural Postagrogenic Reforestation and I
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SIS AND GEOGRAPHY OF SOILS
The Dynamics of the Morphology and Chemical Properties of Forest Litter during Natural Postagrogenic Reforestation and Its Effect on the Ground Cover L. G. Bogatyreva,*, V. M. Telesninaa,**, O. V. Semenyuka,***, and A. I. Benediktovaa,**** a Department
of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected] ****e-mail: [email protected]
Received November 25, 2019; revised December 15, 2019; accepted January 20, 2020
Abstract—The features of the dynamics of the morphology and chemical properties of forest litter during postagrogenic reforestation of plowed land in the southern taiga subzone are studied. The relationship of the dynamics of the structure of forest litter with floristic composition and ecological–coenotic structure of the ground cover is shown. The increase in reserves, as well as in the diversity of the structure and in the spatial variation of the main morphological parameters of forest litter in the course of tree stand regeneration has been revealed. Acidification and a decrease in the ash content and in the portion of easily decomposed fractions in forest litter are adequately reflected in the composition of the ground cover, in which the role of species adapted for increased acidity and low content of nutrients increases. After spruce enters the first tree layer, the spatial distribution of the structure, reserves, thickness, and fractional composition of forest litter is determined by the position in the tessera. In general, the succession and the dynamics of the morphology and chemical properties of forest litter testify to a decrease in the turnover rate in the biogeocenosis. The ecological scales by Ellenberg, Landolt, Tsyganov, and Ramenskii applied for the ground cover may be important tools in analyzing the dynamics of litter in forest ecosystems. Keywords: postagrogenic successions, ground cover, structural–functional organization of forest litter, biological turnover, southern taiga DOI: 10.3103/S0147687420030023
INTRODUCTION Forest litter is the most important component not only of forest soil, but of biogeocenosis in general. The litter–debris coefficient is a parameter of the biological turnover rate of organic matter and ash elements, which reflects the main trends of ecosystem functioning. Forest litter structure and properties are determined by bioclimatic zoning [4, 24]. It is the main indicator system of forest biogeocenosis, the habitat of many species of soil fauna, and one of the main sources of carbon and nitrogen nutrition [7]. It occupies an intermediate position between the input plant debris and the soil itself and is a source of organic compounds and a reservoir of biogenic elements. Thus, it is considered to be an important factor of formation of forest soils [3, 5, 14]. The independence of the litter as an individual biogeocoenotic body is debatable [2]. Nevertheless, it is always considered a separate block, when elaborating mathematical models
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