The Importance of Forest Simplification and Litter Disturbance in Defining the Assembly of Ground-Foraging Ants
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ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS
The Importance of Forest Simplification and Litter Disturbance in Defining the Assembly of Ground-Foraging Ants BM DOLABELA1 , Y ANTONINI1 , VD PINTO2 , C ONÉSIMO1 , MF BRITO2 , FV COSTA1 1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Keywords Ant dominance, Atlantic Forest, anthropogenic disturbance, foraging time, monoculture, litter heterogeneity Correspondence B.M. Dolabela, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Univ Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil; [email protected] Edited by Fernando B Noll – UNESP Received 21 April 2020 and accepted 26 August 2020 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2020
Abstract Currently, we are facing many ecosystem changes derived from years of anthropogenic disturbances. Habitat simplification stands out among human-derived impacts, due to its detrimental effects on vegetation structure and associated biota. Here, we assessed the effects of litter disturbance and forest simplification on a tropical ground-foraging ant community. To do that, we tested whether ant richness will be negatively affected by litter disturbance and habitat simplification. Additionally, we tested whether litter disturbance affects the time of resource discovery and dominance, and if so, whether its effects are intensified by forest simplification. This study occurred at Rio Doce State Park, a preserved area of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. We experimentally simulated litter disturbance by removing the leaf litter and superficial soil layer in a mahogany monoculture forest and preserved Atlantic Forest. We sampled ants using paired-mixed baits of protein and carbohydrate in 12 points, half of them in each forest type. As expected, we found higher richness in the preserved and non-disturbed forest. Moreover, resource discovery was faster in disturbed monoculture, but bait dominance was higher in the undisturbed preserved forest. Litter heterogeneity seems to play an important role in determining ant dispersion and intra-specific communication, as we observed that litter disturbance impacts were strengthened by forest simplification. Our results highlight the efficiency of ground-foraging ants as bioindicators of disturbance and habitat quality. Moreover, our study indicates how distinct types of disturbances can act synergistically, changing the assembly of associated biota.
Introduction Tropical forests have been constantly subjected to disturbances from distinct sources (Rivas-Arancibia et al 2014). Environmental disturbance consequences can be assessed as temporary or permanent reduction and/or loss of ecosystem productivity that ultimately alter the assembly of biological communities (Andersen 2019). Thus, anthropogenic impacts can affect natural environments in different ways, such as promoting changes in animals’ behaviors (Fagundes et al 2018
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