The Early Universe Facts and Fiction
This fourth edition of Börner's "The Early Universe" is practically a new book, not just an updated version. In particular, to meet the wishes of many readers, it is now organized so as to make it more useful as a textbook. Problem sections are also added
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LIBRARY
Se ries Editors:
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Börner, Garching, Germany A. Burkert, München, Germany M. A. Dopita, Canberra, Australia T. Encrenaz, Meudon, France M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Göuingen, Germany J. Lequeux, Paris, France A. Maeder, Sauverny, Switzerland V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and lrvine, CA, USA
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Gerhard Bömer
The Early Universe Facts and Fiction Fourth Edition With 244 Figures Inc1uding 40 Color Figures, 19 Tables, and 80 Exercises
Springer
Professor Gerhard Börner Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse I 85740 Garching Germany
Cover pieture: Vantage point. A look into the deep sky (inspired by C.D. Friedrich, and the PLANCK-team) Previous editions appeared in the series Texts and Monographs in Physics. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographie information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra e; detailed bibliographie data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de
Fourth Edition 2003 Second Corrected Printing 2004 ISSN 0941-7834 ISBN 978-3-642-07915-3
ISBN 978-3-662-05267-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05267-9
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifieally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted onIy under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988, 1992, 1993, 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 4th edition 2003 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting by the author Data conversion by LE-TEX, Leipzig Cover design: design & produetion GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
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"Truth is stranger than fiction, but it is because fiction is obliged to stick to possibilities: truth isn't."
(Mark Twain "Pudd'nhead Wilson's new calendar")
To Mara
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Fourteen years is a long time, and especially in the field of cosmology new observational results and new theoretical ideas seem to appear at a steadily increasing rate. It is achallenge to try to review the current status, to give a reaso
