The effect of balneotherapy on body mass index, adipokine levels, sleep disturbances, and quality of life of women with
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The effect of balneotherapy on body mass index, adipokine levels, sleep disturbances, and quality of life of women with morbid obesity Fatmanur Aybala Koçak 1 Hatice Rana Erdem 1
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Emine Eda Kurt 1
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Fikriye Milletli Sezgin 2
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Senem Şaş 3
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Figen Tuncay 1
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Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 April 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract To investigate the effect of balneotherapy on body mass index, adipokine levels, sleep disturbances, and quality of life in women with morbid obesity. Fifty-four women with morbid obesity were included in the study. The body mass indexes (BMI) and waist/ hip ratios (WHR) of the women were calculated. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured using a *skinfold meter, and the percentage of adipose tissue was calculated. The *Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) was used to assess quality of life. In addition to routine biochemical tests, leptin, adipokine, visfatin from blood, and cortisol from saliva samples were studied. Participants were given 15 sessions of balneotherapy for 20 min each. After treatment, the laboratory and clinical parameters of the participants were *reevaluated. There was no statistically significant difference of BMI, WHR, and percentage of adipose tissue between before and after treatment measurements (p ˃ 0.05).There was a statistically significant improvement in PSQI and NSP scores (p ˂ 0.001). The levels of blood glucose, leptin, and visfatin were significantly decreased, and adiponectin was significantly increased after treatment (p = 0.047, p ˂ 0.001, p ˂ 0.001, and p ˂ 0.001, respectively).There was no statistically significant changes in salivary cortisol levels (p = 0.848). Patients with diabetes showed a statistically significant decrease in glucose levels after treatment (p = 0.017).There was a statistically significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with dyslipidemia compared with pretreatment (p = 0.018). Balneotherapy improves sleep and quality of life of women with morbid obesity. After balneotherapy, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels may change positively. Keywords Balneotherapy . Leptin . Visfatin . Adiponectin . Body mass index . Sleep quality . Quality of life
Introduction Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation according to the World Health Organization. Obesity is classified on the basis of body mass index (BMI): a BMI > 30 kg/m2
is considered as obesity, and a BMI > 40 kg/m2 is considered morbid obesity (World Health Organization Obesity Technical report series No: 894 Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. 2000). Obesity, in particular morbid obesity, results in a number of serious complications, such as type 2
* Fatmanur Aybala Koçak [email protected] Emine Eda Kurt [email protected] Fikriye Milletli Sezgin [email protected] Senem Şaş [email protected] Figen Tuncay [email protected]
Hatice Rana Erdem [email protected] 1
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