The Effect of Fe Addition on Fragmentation Phenomena, Macrostructure, Microstructure, and Hardness of TiC-Fe Local Reinf
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ABRASIVE wear is one of the main factors that eliminates thousands of tons of the casting parts of machines and devices annually in large market-related industries such as mining, aggregate, and cement. Designing and manufacturing of in situ locally reinforced castings (LRCs) creates opportunities for marked increases in their service lives. There are two different routes for achieving in situ local reinforcement (LR) in EWA OLEJNIK, GABRIELA SIKORA, SEBASTIAN SOBULA, and ŁUKASZ SZYMAN´SKI are with the Department of Engineering of Cast Alloys and Composites, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23 St., 30-059 Krakow. Contact e-mail: [email protected] TOMASZ TOKARSKI is with the Academic Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland. WOJCIECH MAZIARZ is with the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Reymonta 25 St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland. BEATA GRABOWSKA is with the Department of Foundry Processes Engineering, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23 St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland. Manuscript submitted June 26, 2018. Article published online November 27, 2018 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
casting that have been explored in the literature. Both routes based on the use of the well-known self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction,[1–3] which allows us to obtain carbides, borides, and nitrides directly from alloys.[4] The first way involves placing one reactant of a selected type of carbide in the form of a vanadium plate[5] or tungsten wire[6] into the mold cavity, while the second reactant is introduced as a component liquid alloy poured into the mold cavity. The molten alloy activates the reaction between the reactants introduced into the mold, and reinforcement particles such as vanadium carbide (VC)[5] and tungsten carbide (WC)[6,7] are formed directly in the casting. Zhong et al.[8] reported a method of producing WC reinforcement on the surface of an iron matrix based on a W plate introduced into a mold cavity, which is then filled by a liquid alloy. The composite’s surface is formed with solid-phase diffusion during the heat treatment of the ready casting part. The advantage of this method is a uniform and dimensionally stable layer reinforced by an 80 pct volume fraction of WC particles. Some limitations of this method are the long heat-treatment time and relatively small layer thickness (which is 148 lm after 8 hours of annealing at a temperature of 1423 K). The essence of the second method is the placement of green compacts containing mixtures of VOLUME 50A, FEBRUARY 2019—975
TiC or TiC and TiB2 reactants undergoing the SHS reaction[9–21] in a mold cavity.[5–15] Similar to the previous method, the liquid alloy poured into the mold cavity activates the SHS reactions, but due to the self-sustaining reaction occurring in the whole compact, it is possible to fabricate an LR in a wid
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