The effect of life coaching on psychological distress among dental students: interventional study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The effect of life coaching on psychological distress among dental students: interventional study Khalid Aboalshamat1* , Duha Al‑Zaidi2, Duha Jawa2, Hanouf Al‑Harbi2, Raghad Alharbi2 and Shahad Al‑Otaibi2
Abstract Background: Depression, stress, and anxiety are common psychological conditions among dental students in many countries around the world. A number of researchers have found life coaching to be effective at reducing psychologi‑ cal distress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a life coaching program on dental students’ psychological status. Methods: A quasi-experiment study with two arms was conducted on 88 female dental students at Umm Al-Qura University (study group = 44; control group = 44). The psychological status was assessed by questionnaire before and after intervention. The questionnaire was composed of the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Resilience Scale (RS-14), the Psychological Well-Being Scale–Short (PWB-S), and goal approach questions. The study group received a coaching program comprising one lecture for 1 h and five phone coaching sessions over 5 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Results: The study group showed a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and self-acceptance according to the PWB-S scale. Also, goal approach was significantly improved. On the other hand, the control group showed a significant reduction on the RS-14 only. The differences in the tested scales between the study group and the control group from pre-intervention (T1) to post-intervention (T2) showed significant differences in depression, stress, self-acceptance, and goal approach measurements per t-test. Conclusion: The study’s findings showed that life coaching had the effect of reducing psychological distress, which encouraged the implementation of coaching practice in the daily life of dental students. Keywords: Life coaching, Quasi-experiment, Saudi Arabia, Dental students, Psychological well-being, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Resilience Background High levels of distress among dental students has been reported in several systematic reviews [1, 2] that showed the prevalence of distress varied from one country to another and for different psychological constructs. For example, the prevalence of depression ranged from 2.8 *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Dental Public Health Division, Preventative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
to 41%, anxiety ranged from 47 to 67%, and stress ranged from 70 to 72% [3–6]. This is also true in Saudi Arabia, where two studies conducted in different cities found the prevalence of depression to range from 67.4% to 69.9%, anxiety from 66.4% to 79.7%, and stress from 64 to 70% [7, 8]. In fact, dental students face many stressors, including frequent exams, clinical cases needed to be finished each year, time constraints, anxious pati
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