The effect of mesoporous support on the catalytic performance of Pd nanoparticles in the hydrogenation of cyclopentene
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The effect of mesoporous support on the catalytic performance of Pd nanoparticles in the hydrogenation of cyclopentene Mhamed Benaissa1,2 · Abdullah M. Alhanash1 · Murad Eissa1 · Ali Aldalbahi3,4 · Shaykha Alzahly3 · Mostafizur Rahaman4 · Govindasami Periyasami4 · Mohamed S. Hamdy1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Here, a comparison between four mesoporous siliceous compounds is conducted to investigate the effect of support on formation and catalytic behavior of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The four investigated supports are: the commercially available MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCM-48, in addition to the home-made TUD-1 material. The same amount of Pd (Si/Pd = 200) was impregnated in the four mesoporous samples by using water as a solvent, and no further activation/reduction was performed. The obtained characterization data showed that SBA-15 accommodated the maximum amount of PdO nanoparticles that located inside its channels, while the maximum surface area after impregnation was obtained in MCM-48 sample. The four Pd samples was used to catalyze the solvent-free reduction of cyclopentene at room temperature by using 1 atm of hydrogen gas. Pd-TUD-1 exhibited the maximum activity with a total TOF of 4.83 s−1, while the TOF of SBA-15 was 2.28 s−1. The activity results clearly show the effect of the open three dimensional structure of TUD-1 in offering the maximum accessibility to and from Pd nanoparticles’ active sites. Keywords Mesoporous · TUD-1 · MCM-41 · SBA-15 · Palladium · Hydrogenation
1 Introduction Hydrogenation reactions are classified as highly importance in the chemical industry’s sector [1, 2]. The aim of this type of reaction is conversion of the unsaturated organic compounds to -partially or totally- saturated compounds [3]. Supported Noble metals such as Au [4], Pd [5], Rh [6], Pt [7], and Ru [8] and their complexes [9] represent the best catalysts for hydrogenation reactions and they have been used in petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries in spite of the higher cost of the production process. One of * Mohamed S. Hamdy [email protected] 1
Catalysis Research group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
2
Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
3
King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
the strategies to minimize the overall cost of the hydrogenation process is the use of a good supporting material for the applied Noble metal nanoparticles [10]. The ideal support must facilitate the heterogeneous catalytic reaction process to reduce the reaction time and therefore increase the productivity and minimize the production costs. Several supports such as metal oxides [11], zeolites [12], clays [13], and MOF’s [14, 15] were applied as a support in hy
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