The effect of preferred music on mental workload and laparoscopic surgical performance in a simulated setting (OPTIMISE)
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and Other Interventional Techniques
The effect of preferred music on mental workload and laparoscopic surgical performance in a simulated setting (OPTIMISE): a randomized controlled crossover study Victor X. Fu1,2 · Pim Oomens1,2 · Vincent E. E. Kleinrensink2 · Karel J. Sleurink1,2 · Willemijn M. Borst1,2 · Pascale E. Wessels1,2 · Johan F. Lange1 · Gert‑Jan Kleinrensink2 · Johannes Jeekel2 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background Worldwide, music is commonly played in the operation room. The effect of music on surgical performance reportedly has varying results, while its effect on mental workload and key surgical stressor domains has only sparingly been investigated. Therefore, the aim is to assess the effect of recorded preferred music versus operating room noise on laparoscopic task performance and mental workload in a simulated setting. Methods A four-sequence, four-period, two-treatment, randomized controlled crossover study design was used. Medical students, novices to laparoscopy, were eligible for inclusion. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four sequences, which decided the exposure order to music and operation room noise during the four periods. Laparoscopic task performance was assessed through motion analysis with a laparoscopic box simulator. Each period consisted of ten alternating peg transfer tasks. To account for the learning curve, a preparation phase was employed. Mental workload was assessed using the Surgery Task Load Index. This study was registered with the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7961). Results From October 29, 2019 until March 12, 2020, 107 participants completed the study, with 97 included for analyzation. Laparoscopic task performance increased significantly during the preparation phase. No significant beneficial effect of music versus operating room noise was observed on time to task completion, path length, speed, or motion smoothness. Music significantly decreased mental workload, reflected by a lower score of the total weighted Surgery Task Load Index in all but one of the six workload dimensions. Conclusion Music significantly reduced mental workload overall and of several previously identified key surgical stressor domains, and its use in the operating room is reportedly viewed favorably. Music did not significantly improve laparoscopic task performance of novice laparoscopists in a simulated setting. Although varying results have been reported previously, it seems that surgical experience and task demand are more determinative. Keywords Music · Laparoscopy · Surgical performance · Mental workload · Stress · Heart rate variability
Victor X. Fu and Pim Oomens contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07987-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Victor X. Fu [email protected] 1
Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40
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