The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the muscle damage after eccentric exercise in young men: a randomized, contro
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(2020) 17:53
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the muscle damage after eccentric exercise in young men: a randomized, control trial W. Pilch1 , B. Kita2, A. Piotrowska1* , Ł. Tota3 , M. Maciejczyk3 , O. Czerwińska-Ledwig1 , E. Sadowska- Krepa4 , S. Kita3 and T. Pałka3
Abstract Background: Vitamin D contributes to the optimal functioning of muscles. This study was designed to determine the modulating effect of vitamin D supplementation on the degree of muscle cell damage caused by eccentric exercise in young men. Methods: 60 male volunteers (20–24 years old) taking part in this study were divided in two groups - with suboptimal (S) and optimal (O;) 25(OH)D plasma levels. These groups were randomly subdivided into groups with vitamin D supplementation (experimental: SE and OE) and controls (SC and OC). Before the supplementation (Test I) and after 3 months (Test II), participants were subjected to two rounds of eccentric exercise tests on a declined treadmill (running speed corresponded 60% VO2peak determined in each subject in incremental exercise test). During each test, blood samples used for determination of 25(OH)D, Il-1β, myoglobin (Mb) levels and CK, LDH activity were taken at three timepoints: before the test, 1 h and 24 h after it ended. After distribution normality testing (Saphiro-Wilk test), statistical analyses were performed. Non-parametric: KruskalWallis test and the Wilcoxon test were applied, and the Dunn-Bonferroni test as a post-hoc test. Results: In all groups, after 3 months, higher concentrations of 25(OH)D were indicated (SE p = 0.005; SC p = 0.018; OE p = 0.018; OC p = 0.028). SE and SC groups showed higher baseline concentrations of Il-1β and significantly higher concentrations of this interleukin after 1 h compared to groups with an optimal 25(OH)D level. After supplementation, the SE group reacted with a similar jump in concentration of Il-1β as the OC and OE groups. The change after 1 h after exercise in Test II was significantly different from that from Test I (p = 0.047) in SE group. Lower Mb concentrations indicated 1 h after exercise in Test II for SC and SE groups were indicated. CK activity did not differentiate the studied groups. Plasma calcium and phosphate disorders were also not indicated. Conclusions: The study has shown that vitamin D doses determined from the plasma concentration of 25(OH)D of individuals to match their specific needs can significantly reduce muscle cell damage induced by eccentric exercise. Keywords: Vitamin D, Eccentric exercise, Muscle cell damage, Il-1β, LDH, Myoglobin, CK
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as
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