The effect of waste PET addition on PFO-based anode materials for improving the electric capacity in lithium-ion battery
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Carbon Letters https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00124-2
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of waste PET addition on PFO‑based anode materials for improving the electric capacity in lithium‑ion battery Kyung Soo Kim1,2 · Jin Ung Hwang1,2 · Ji Sun Im1,4 · Jong Dae Lee2 · Ji Hong Kim1,3 · Min Il Kim1 Received: 12 August 2019 / Revised: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 January 2020 © Korean Carbon Society 2020
Abstract The carbon anode material for lithium-ion battery was prepared by pyrolysis fuel oil and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) additive. The pitch was synthesized as a medium material for carbon anode by heat treatment. The waste PET additive improved the softening point and thermal stability of the pitch. La and Lc of the anode material (heat-treated pitch) increased at higher treatment temperature but decreased by waste PET additive. The electric capacity was evaluated based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer, respectively. When the La and Lc of the anode material decreased, the electric capacity by cavity increased based on defective graphite structure. Therefore, the addition of waste PET causes the improved capacity by the cavity. The anode material which has a high efficiency (over 95%) and C-rate (95%, 2 C/0.1 C) was obtained by controlling the process of heat treatment and PET addition. The mechanism of lithium-ion insertion was discussed based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer. Keywords Lithium-ion battery · Anode materials · Pitch · PFO · Waste PET
1 Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are being used extensively in energy-intensive portable devices such as smart phones, notebooks, and electric vehicles. Important factors in the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries are long cycle characteristics, energy density, and light-weight design [1, 2]. The long cycle characteristics indicate the structural stability of the anode/cathode active material and the solid–fluid interface. Also, higher energy densities represent * Ji Sun Im [email protected] * Jong Dae Lee [email protected] 1
Carbon Industry Frontier Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
4
Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
greater capacity per unit mass. Graphite is the most widely used anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which has excellent performance such as structural stability, low operating potential and long cycle life. Graphite is generally classified as natural graphite and artificial graphite. Artificial graphite is produced by heat treatment using pitch and coke as precursors at temperatures above the graphitization temperature (about 3000 °C). Natural graphite is buried globally. It not
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