The effects of surface modifications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on their dispersibility in different solvents and p
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Li Qiu Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Yongzhen Yanga) Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Advanced Material Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Yongkang Chenb) Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; and University of Hertfordshire, School of Engineering and Technology, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
Xuguang Liu Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China (Received 16 April 2014; accepted 26 August 2014)
The effects of surface modifications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on their dispersibility in different solvents and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) have been studied. MWCNTs were treated by mixed acids to obtain acid-functionalized MWCNTs. The acid-functionalized MWCNTs were modified with five different chemical agents separately, 1,6-diaminohexane, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous sulfanilic acid, and ethanolamine. Multiwalled carbon nanotube and PEEK (MWCNT/PEEK) composite films were fabricated to explore systematically the dispersibility of differently modified MWCNTs in PEEK as well as in different solvents. The morphology and structures of MWCNTs and the compatibility between MWCNTs and PEEK have been investigated. It was observed that the MWCNTs modified with anhydrous sulfanilic acid have an excellent dispersion in the PEEK grafted by sulfonic acid groups and that the MWCNTs modified with ethanolamine are also dispersed well in pure PEEK. The results herein provide useful insights into the development of MWCNT/PEEK composites for a wide variety of applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to attract a great deal of interest in polymer reinforcement owing to their outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties; nanoscale dimensions; low mass density; excellent physical characteristics; and high aspect ratio.1–4 A good dispersion of CNTs in a polymer matrix is the key to improve the properties of carbon nanotube and polymer (CNT/polymer) composites. However, the preparation process of CNT/polymer composites is hindered by the poor solubility of CNTs and their strong tendency Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.284 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 29, No. 22, Nov 28, 2014
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to aggregate and form bundles. Several methods for the preparation of CNT/polymer composites, such as solution mixing,5 melt blending, 6 and in
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