The elderly living in single-person households in South Korea: a latent profile analysis of self-esteem, life satisfacti
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The elderly living in single-person households in South Korea: a latent profile analysis of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression Jeong Hoon Park1,3 · Sung Min1 · Yookyung Eoh2 · Soo Hyun Park1 Accepted: 4 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Objectives Elderly living alone in South Korea report higher rates of psychological distress compared to the population at large. Using a person-centered approach, the aim of the present study was to identify the latent profiles of South Korean elderly living alone based on self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression. Method Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted based on data of 1545 older age individuals living alone. In addition, we examined significant factors that differentiate the observed profiles using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results We identified five profiles: “extremely depressed (n = 44, 2.9%),” “severely depressed (n = 169, 10.9%),” “mildly depressed (n = 529, 34.2%),” “low life satisfaction (n = 128, 8.3%),” and “positive adaptation (n = 675, 43.7%).” In addition, results of multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that males (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.02–2.81), and elderly with lower income (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81–0.91), lower level of physical health (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33–0.57), and lower social relationship satisfaction (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.18–0.35) were more likely to fall in the “low life satisfaction” rather than the “positive adaptation” profile. In addition, being female (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30–0.79), of older age (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–.1.07), and higher income (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08–1.20) were related to classification in the “mildly depressed” rather than the “low life satisfaction” profile. The “severely depressed” group was differentiated by older age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), lower level of physical health (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34–0.71), and lower satisfaction with social relationship (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.38–0.76). Conclusion The results highlight the need for welfare policies that secure income and physical health in elderly living alone to enhance their quality of life. Furthermore, interventions that aim to maintain social networks are tantamount in order to prevent isolation in the elderly living alone. Keywords Single-household · Elderly · Mental health · Latent profile analysis
Introduction From the perspective of collectivism, family members or the community at large had traditionally taken care of the elderly, especially in South Korea. However, rapid social change has increased the representative number of nuclear * Soo Hyun Park [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei‑Ro, Suhdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 02799, Republic of Korea
2
Yongmoon Graduate School of Counseling Psychology, 154, Yulgok‑Ro, Jongno‑Gu, Seoul 03136, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei‑Ro, Suhdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 02799, Republic of Korea
families, leading to a lack of care for the elderly. As a
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