Clusters of non-dietary obesogenic behaviors among adolescents in Brazil: a latent profile analysis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Clusters of non-dietary obesogenic behaviors among adolescents in Brazil: a latent profile analysis Rafael M. Tassitano1 • Robert G. Weaver2 • Maria Cecı´lia M. Teno´rio1 • Keith Brazendale3 Michael W. Beets2
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Received: 7 October 2019 / Revised: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives To identify patterns of non-dietary obesogenic behaviors, and social and environmental factors associated with overweight and obesity (OWOB). Methods A representative sample (n = 5520) of high school students (55.4% girls, 16.3 ± 1.0 years) from Pernambuco State, Brazil. Latent profile analyses were performed using self-reported daily sleep duration, television use, computer use, videogame use, seated time during the week and weekend days, physical activity, and active commuting to school during the week. Social and environmental factors and body mass index were included to identify classes. Multinomial analysis explored differences in social, environmental factors, and BMI by classes. Results Five patterns were identified [Computer users (C1), Short sleepers (C2), Typical behaviors (C3), Techno-activegamers (C4), and Lower screen engagement (C5)]. Three groups (C1, C3 and C4) included students from better social conditions and a more urbanized environments. The prevalence of OWOB was higher in C1 (34.5%; 95% CI 31.1–38.0) and in C2 (29.7%; 95% CI 26.1–33.5) compared to C5 (23.3% 95% CI 21.3–25.3). Conclusions In one of the poorest regions of Brazil, different groups of social/environmental factors and behavior patterns emerged associated with OWOB. Keywords Behavior Obesity Public health Socioeconomic risk factors Adolescent
Introduction Over the last decade, special attention has been given to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) among youth in developing countries (Swinburn et al. 2011; Afshin et al. 2017; Ng et al. 2014; Abarca-Go´mez et al. 2017; Finucane et al. 2011; CSDH 2008; Popkin et al. 2012; Prentice 2006; Ford et al. 2017; Hruby and Hu 2015; Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01418-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Rafael M. Tassitano [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, SN Dom Manoel de Medeiros St., Recife, PE 50630-610, Brazil
2
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
3
University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Rivera et al. 2014; Popkin et al. 2006). It is estimated that 1-in-4 youth in Latin America is OWOB, representing 16.5–21.1 million adolescents and 22.5–25.9 million school-age children (Rivera et al. 2014). OWOB is the result of a complex web of interrelated obesogenic behaviors, as well as social and environmental factors. Urbanization (i.e., changing in lifestyle and living conditions from rural to urban) has been highlighted as a major driver for changes in g
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