The Entrepreneurial University: How to Develop the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Academia
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The Entrepreneurial University: How to Develop the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Academia Rosangela Feola 1 & Roberto Parente 1 & Valentina Cucino 2 Received: 7 April 2017 / Accepted: 20 July 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the last years, universities have assumed a prominent role in the science and technologybased economic development. The concept of entrepreneurial university, a key concept in the triple helix model developed by Etzkowitz, identifies the evolution of the university role with the addition to the traditional missions of university (education and research) of a third mission that is to contribute to the economic development through the transfer of research results from the laboratory to the economic system. The objective of the research is to analyze how universities are implementing this new mission and investigate factors affecting their entrepreneurial orientation. More specifically, our paper aims to investigate the existence of a relationship among the entrepreneurial orientation of university and some factors representing the internal and external context in which the university is involved. Keywords Triple helix . Entrepreneurial university . Technology transfer . Entrepreneurial
orientation . Internal and external context
Introduction In the last years, universities have assumed a prominent role in the science and technology-based economic development, and the entrepreneurial university is largely
* Rosangela Feola [email protected] Roberto Parente [email protected] Valentina Cucino [email protected]
1
Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
2
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna - Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Piazza Martiri della Libertà , 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Journal of the Knowledge Economy
recognized as a key actor of competitiveness, economic growth, and wealth creation in the modern world (Fayolle and Redford 2014; Mian 2011). The concept of entrepreneurial university, a key concept in the triple helix model developed by Etzkowitz (1993), identifies the evolution of the university role with the addition to the traditional missions of the university (education and research) of a third mission that is to contribute to the economic development through the transfer of research results from the laboratory to the economic system. This new role for university, from one hand, involves a radical change in the internal organization and activities carried out by academic institutions (Etzkowitz et al. 2000, 2019), from the other, can be carried out through different mechanisms such as patents, licenses, research joint ventures, and the creation of academic spin-off companies (Lockett et al. 2005; Fuster et al. 2019; Petruzzelli and Murgia 2019; Feldman et al. 2019). As highlighted by several authors (Guerrero et al. 2016a, b; Klofsten et al. 2019; Phillips 2018), the model of entrepreneurial university is a complex phenomenon, which includes different academic traditions,
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