The Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility of Polymer Membrane Materials for Blood Oxygenation
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Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility of Polymer Membrane Materials for Blood Oxygenation A. Yu. Alentieva, *, Yu. G. Bogdanovab, V. D. Dolzhikovab, N. A. Belova, R. Yu. Nikiforova, D. A. Alentieva, G. O. Karpova, M. V. Bermesheva, N. V. Borovkovac, A. K. Evseevc, M. S. Makarovc, I. V. Goroncharovskayac, M. V. Storozhevac, and S. V. Zhuravelc aTopchiev
Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia b Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia c Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow, 129090 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 18, 2020; revised July 30, 2020; accepted August 10, 2020
Abstract—A comprehensive interdisciplinary study is performed for 12 polymers promising for the fabrication of membranes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on them by methods of gas permeability, wetting, piezoelectric microweighing, and direct biomedical methods for determining hemocompatibility of whole blood from healthy donors. It is found that trimethylsilyl-substituted polytricyclononene, polyhexafluoropropylene, and semicrystalline polyphenylene oxide are the best polymer materials for the diffusion membranes of oxygenators. It is shown that traditional approaches that associate the surface properties of polymers (water wettability, plasma protein adsorption, energy characteristics of surfaces) with their hemocompatibility do not provide precise correlations with the biomedical methods based on the analysis of the changes in the shape of blood cells as a result of adhesion on the surface of the polymer. The complexity of the mechanism of interaction of the surface of polymers with blood also does not allow for clear structure– property correlations traditional for membrane gas separation. The directions of further research in this area are defined. Keywords: polymers, membranes, gas permeability, hemocompatibility, wetting, interphase energy, adsorption, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation DOI: 10.1134/S2517751620060025
INTRODUCTION One of the most effective methods for the treatment of acute respiratory failure is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or “iron lung” based on providing a systemic bloodstream using a centrifuge pump and extracorporeal oxygen saturation of blood and elimination of carbon dioxide dissolved in blood using membrane gas exchange [1, 2]. This technology is used for life support when conducting longterm open-heart surgeries; when performing heart, lung, liver, and cardiopulmonary complex transplant surgeries as well as in case of traumas associated with massive blood loss [1]. Until recently, a less common field of application of this technology has been the application for the treatment of severe pneumonias of different etiologies [3]. During the period of evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, ECMO technology became a prime life-saving method in severe cases [4]. Thus, according to the data of the Euro ECMOCOVID Survey observational study [5], 1336 cases of the use of ECMO technology f
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