The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates
The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates is the first edited volume to offer a comprehensive overview of this rare dietary niche in the primate order. Leading researchers in the field of primatology synthesize our current knowledge of the behavioral, soci
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Anne M. Burrows Leanne T. Nash ●
Editors
The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates
Editors Anne M. Burrows Department of Physical Therapy Duquesne University Pittsburgh, PA 15282 and Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA [email protected]
Leanne T. Nash School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-6660-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6661-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936362 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Top image courtesy of K.A.I. Nekaris. A pygmy slow loris, Nycticebus pygmaeus, from Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area, Cambodia. She was resting during a night of radio tracking, nearby her parked twins! Bottom image courtesy of Simon Bearder. The gum is oozing from an Acacia karoo tree used by Galago moholi as a year round source of energy and minerals, but it is also an important fallback food when insects are no longer available in the cold, dry winters in South Africa. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Anne dedicates this volume to her family whose constant support made it possible. Leanne would like to dedicate this volume to her parents and siblings, who were always supportive even when they didn’t fully understand, and to her spouse, Mike, who does understand and without whom the work would not have happened.
Foreword
I first became involved in research into primate behavior and ecology in 1968, over 40 years ago, driven by a quest for a better understanding of the natural context of primate evolution. At that time, it was virtually unknown that primates can exploit exudates as a major food source. I was certainly unaware of this myself. By good fortune, I was awarded a postdoctoral grant to work on lemurs with Jean-Jacques Petter in the general ecology division of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Brunoy, France. This provided the launching-pad for my first field study of lesser mouse lemurs in Madagascar, during which I gained my initial inklings of exudate feeding. It was also in Brunoy that I me
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