The experience of Hope among Italian undergraduate students
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The experience of Hope among Italian undergraduate students Laura De Pretto 1
&
Oliver P. Mansilla 2 & Emanuele Russo 3 & Shang-Hui Shin 4 & Darlene Elizabeth Sin Yi Tan 2
Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Psychological research on hope has mainly focused on its cognitive dimension. This qualitative study explores the relational, affective and behavioural features of hope with a sample of Italian university students, analysing their responses to open-ended survey questions that tap into the whole spectrum of the experience of hope, including fulfilled hopes, present hopes, and lost hopes. The findings suggest that the relational, affective, and behavioural features of hope are just as important as cognitive processes when it comes to people’s experience of hope. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. Keywords Hope . Undergraduate students . Relational . Affective . Behavioural
Psychological research on hope initially focused primarily on its cognitive features (Snyder et al. 1991). Only later did an interest arise in the role of affect, behaviour and relationships on people’s experiences of hope (Ward and Wampler 2010; Farran et al. 1995; Howell and Buro 2017). The cumulative effort has been fruitful in so far as hope has been found to relate with a number of important variables, such as life satisfaction (Munoz et al. 2017; O’Sullivan 2011), recovery from mental (Corrigan and Phelan 2004; Jacobson and Greenley 2001; Resnick et al. 2004; Park and Chen 2016) and physical (Cross and Schneider 2010; Halding and Heggdal 2012; Rasmussen et al. 2017) conditions, and academic performance (Feldman and Kubota 2015). Existing knowledge on cognitive, affective, behavioural, and relational features of hope are summarised below.
Data deposition information item The data used in this paper has been deposited to the public data repository Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3696625 * Laura De Pretto [email protected] 1
Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, England
2
University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
3
Universita’ degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
4
Behavioral Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
The Cognitive Features of Hope The predominant psychological theorisation of hope is the one proposed by Snyder et al. (1991). Snyder conceptualises hope as a cognitive construct involving knowledge of the different ways to achieve one’s hope (pathway thinking) and having the resolve to actualise it (agency). Although this model was eventually expanded to include emotions, these were viewed as an after-effect (Lopez et al. 2003). From a philosophical perspective, Pettit (2004) views hope as either superficial or substantial. Superficial hope is desiring something to happen while also having the view that it may or may not actually happen, whereas substantial hope entails pursuing one’s hope with the assumption that it actually has a good chance of being realised. For P
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