International mobility and education inequality among Brazilian undergraduate students
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International mobility and education inequality among Brazilian undergraduate students Alice Dias Lopes 1 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract
This paper aims to understand the effect of international mobility in higher education on Brazilian education inequality by examining the Science Without Borders programme for undergraduate students. The SWB aimed to award 101,000 scholarships for Brazilian undergraduate students to conduct part of their studies in a foreign university between 2011 and 2015. This paper draws on research on education inequalities and international mobility to investigate the patterns of inequality among undergraduate students participating in the SWB, considering the period of higher education expansion in Brazil. Using the ENEM datasets, inequality of access and inequality within the programme were analysed. The results show that students with parents with higher levels of education and higher income were more likely to participate in the SWB programme. Moreover, students with higher parental education and family income tended to study at a prestigious university during the programme. Keywords Higher education . International mobility . Education inequalities . Brazil
Introduction For the last fifteen years, the Brazilian government has been implementing educational policies intended to expand access to higher education for students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Starting in 2001, several higher education institutions implemented affirmative action policies. The federal government also implemented policies aiming to increase the number of students in higher education by creating institutions in remote places in the country, increasing capacity of existing public institutions, providing scholarships for students studying in private institutions, and allocating 50% of places in federal universities to students who attended public upper secondary education.
* Alice Dias Lopes [email protected]
1
School of Social and Political Sciences, Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 4F1/21 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, UK
Higher Education
During this time, research has observed the increase in the demand for international mobility of middle- and upper-class students (Nogueira et al. 2008). In July 2011, the Brazilian Federal Government implemented the Science Without Borders (SWB) programme. The aim of the programme was to promote the expansion and the internationalization of science and technology and increase Brazilian competitiveness through international exchange and mobility. The programme intended to distribute 101,000 scholarships between 2011 and 2015 for undergraduate and graduate Brazilian students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics field of studies. The majority of the research on the relationship between international mobility and education inequality show that students from a more advantageous socioeconomic background are more likely to pursue international student mobility (Findlay et al. 2006; Salisbury et al. 2008; Souto-Otero et al. 2013). Nevertheless, desp
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