The expression of GintPT , the phosphate transporter of Rhizophagus irregularis, depends on the symbiotic status and pho
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The expression of GintPT, the phosphate transporter of Rhizophagus irregularis, depends on the symbiotic status and phosphate availability Valentina Fiorilli • Luisa Lanfranco Paola Bonfante
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Received: 11 December 2012 / Accepted: 5 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract The development of mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the most important adaptation of terrestrial plants to face mineral nutrition requirements. As an essential plant nutrient, phosphorus uptake is acknowledged as a major benefit of the AM symbiosis, but the molecular mechanisms of its transport as inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the soil to root cells via AM fungi remain poorly known. Here we monitored the expression profile of the high-affinity phosphate transporter (PT) gene (GintPT) of Rhizophagus irregularis (DAOM 197198) in fungal structures (spores, extraradical mycelium and arbuscules), under different Pi availability, and in respect to plant connection. GintPT resulted constitutively expressed along the major steps of the fungal life cycle and the connection with the host plant was crucial to warrant GintPT high expression levels in the extraradical mycelium. The influence of Pi availability on gene expression of the fungal GintPT and the Medicago truncatula symbiosis-specific Pi transporter (MtPT4) was examined by qRT-PCR assay on microdissected arbusculated cells. The expression profiles of both genes revealed that these transporters are sensitive to changing Pi conditions: we observed that MtPT4 mRNA abundance is higher at 320 than at 32 lM suggesting that the flow towards the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00425-013-1842-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. V. Fiorilli L. Lanfranco P. Bonfante Institute for Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy L. Lanfranco P. Bonfante (&) Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
plant requires high concentrations. Taken on the whole, the findings highlight novel traits for the functioning of the GintPT gene and offer a molecular scenario to the models describing nutrient transfers as a cooperation between the mycorrhizal partners. Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Gene expression Phosphate Phosphate transporter Rhizophagus irregularis Abbreviations AM Arbuscular mycorrhizal ARB Arbuscule-containing cells Ct Threshold cycle ERM Extraradical mycelium IRM Intraradical mycelium LMD Laser microdissection P Phosphorus Pi Inorganic orthophosphate PT Phosphate transporter ROCs Root organ cultures
Introduction As an essential mineral nutrient involved in plant growth and development processes, phosphorus (P) is an element whose availability has significant consequences on both plant ecology and crop yield. P is a nonrenewable resource that is present in the soil in t
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