The first isolation of porcine circovirus type 2e from a Korean pig
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BRIEF REPORT
The first isolation of porcine circovirus type 2e from a Korean pig Kee Hwan Park1 · Taehwan Oh1 · Hyejean Cho1 · Siyeon Yang1 · Chanhee Chae1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study describes the first isolation and genetic characterization of the newly emerging porcine circovirus type 2e (PCV2e) from Korean pigs. The PCV2e isolate did not produce a cytopathic effect in PCV-free PK-15 cells; therefore, PCV2e infection was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal PCV2a antibodies and polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for PCV2e. As the infected PCV-free PK-15 cells were passaged, the amount of infectious virus correlated with an increase in the amount of viral DNA (i.e., a decrease in the cycle threshold values. A full genomic analysis of the PCV2e strain SNUVR199711 was performed and showed that the genome is 1,777 nucleotides in length. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is smallest known singlestranded DNA virus and contains four major open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF1 to ORF4). It belongs to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae [1]. PCV2 is the primary etiological agent of diseases that are collectively referred to as "porcine circovirus-associated disease" (PCVAD) in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and reproductive failure [2]. PCVAD has resulted in enormous economic losses in the global pork industry. Over the past 30 years, at least five distinct genotypes have been identified and classified as PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d (formerly mutant PCV2b), and PCV2e based on the ORF2 (capsid gene) sequence [3]. A Chinese study has reported novel viral sequences that cluster separately in phylogenetic analysis from the existing ones. This novel virus is tentatively classified as genotype PCV2f [4]. PCV2e is a new genotype [5] that was detected in swine samples in the USA and Mexico in 2015 and in China in 2017 [5–7]. PCV2e was genetically characterized as having 12 or 15 additional nucleotides in its ORF2 sequences when compared to those of PCV2a-d [5–7]. Despite the fact that the genome of PCV2e has been identified, the virus itself has Handling Editor: Roman Pogranichniy. * Chanhee Chae [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak‑ro, Gwanak‑gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
not been isolated. This study describes the first isolation of a novel PCV2e strain from Korean pigs and its genetic characterization. In January of 2019, a clinical specimen submitted to the Seoul National University Department of Veterinary Pathology was tested for histopathology and PCV2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The specimen was a superficial inguinal lymph node from an 82-day-old pig that had exhibited growth retardation. Half of the submitted lymph node was fixed for 24 hours in
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