Coinfection with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 increases the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Coinfection with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 increases the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets Shuqing Liu1,2, Wentao Li1, Yang Wang1, Changqin Gu1, Xiaoli Liu1, Catherine Charreyre3, Shenxian Fan1* and Qigai He1,4*
Abstract Background: Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in swine. Pigs with PMWS are often infected with a variety of other pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and mycoplasm, in addition to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PCV2 and Haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 (HPS4) coinfection remain epidemic in China. Methods: Here we report construction of a three-week-old naturally farrowed, colostrum-deprived (NFCD) piglet’s infection model and demonstrate that PCV2-infected piglets with the HPS4 coinfection increased the virulence of PCV2 and these pathogens interact acquired PMWS. Results: All the single infected piglets were transiently bacteremic or viremic. All the PCV2/HPS4 coinfected piglets developed PMWS, characterized by dyspnea, anorexia, prostration and lose weight severely. Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 resulted in an increased amount of virus in serum and tissues, presented a slower generation and lower levels of antibodies against PCV2. Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 resulted in further reductions in total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts. Meantime, PCV2/ HPS4 coinfection potentiated the severity of lung and lymphoid lesions by PCV2-associated, increased the virulence of PCV2-antigen and enhanced the incidence of PMWS in piglets. Conclusion: Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 induce the exacerbation of system injuries and enhance the pathogenicity of PCV2 in piglets. Keywords: PMWS, PCV2, HPS4, Coinfection, NFCD piglets
Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been identified as the causal agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), an economically important multifactorial disease of swine industry worldwide [1, 2]. PMWS is characterized by weight loss, jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathia, interstitial pneumonia and nephritis [3]. Based on the broad clinical and serological investigations, Multiple factors have contributed the PCV2 infections as PMWS, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Haemophilus parasuis(HPS), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens in the majority of cases (85.0%) [4, 5]. HPS is an important swine pathogen that causes Glässer’s disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and arthritis [6]. Clinically, HPS co-infection with other pathogens, such as PRRSV, PCV2, Streptococcus suis (SS) and Pasteurella multocida (Pm), lead to incr
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