The First Professional Scientist Robert Hooke and the Royal Society
A contemporary of Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, and Isaac Newton, and close friend of all but Newton, Robert Hooke (1635-1703), one of the founders of the early scientific revolution, faded into almost complete obscurity after his death and remained the
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Editorial Board: K. Andersen, Aarhus D. Buchwald, Pasadena H.J.M. Bos, Utrecht U. Bottazzini, Roma J.Z. Buchwald, Cambridge, Mass. K. Chemla, Paris S.S. Demidov, Moskva E.A. Fellmann, Basel M. Folkerts, München P. Galison, Cambridge, Mass. I. Grattan-Guinness, London J. Gray, Milton Keynes
R. Halleux, Liège S. Hildebrandt, Bonn Ch. Meinel, Regensburg J. Peiffer, Paris W. Purkert, Bonn D. Rowe, Mainz A.I. Sabra, Cambridge, Mass. Ch. Sasaki, Tokyo R.H. Stuewer, Minneapolis H. Wußing, Leipzig V.P. Vizgin, Moskva
Robert D. Purrington
The First Professional Scientist Robert Hooke and the Royal Society of London
Birkhäuser Basel · Boston · Berlin
Author: Robert D. Purrington Tulane University Dept. Physics New Orleans, LA 70118 USA e-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009920472 Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de
ISBN 978-3-0346-0036-1 Birkhäuser Verlag AG, Basel - Boston - Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2009 Birkhäuser Verlag AG Basel · Boston · Berlin P.O. Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland Part of Springer Science+Business Media Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞ Cover illustration: Plate from Hooke’s published Cutler Lecture “Animadversions on the First Part of the Machina Coelestis ...” showing an equatorial quadrant driven by a conical or circular pendulum. See also p. 210. Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-0346-0036-1
e-ISBN 978-3-0346-0037-8
987654321
www.birkhauser.ch
To Loraine
Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii 1
Restoring Robert Hooke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hooke and London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Robert Hooke, Indefaticable Genius: Hooke and London The Diary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hooke and Wren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
13 18 22 24 25
3
Promoting Physico-Mathematical-Experimental Learning: Founding the Royal Society of London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33 39
4
Society of the Muses:
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