The Future of the World's Forests Ideas vs Ideologies

At the landmark 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), solemn resolutions were made both to protect the world’s biodiversity and to co-operate on managing natural forests in a sustainable and ecologically responsible

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WORLD FORESTS Series Editors

MATTI PALO PhD, Independent Scientist, Finland, Affiliated Professor CATIE, Costa Rica

JUSSI UUSIVUORI Finnish Forest Research Institute METLA, Finland

Advisory Board Janaki Alavalapati, University of Florida, USA Joseph Buongiorno, University of Wisconsin, USA Jose Campos, CATIE, Costa Rica Sashi Kant, University of Toronto, Canada Maxim Lobovikov, FAO/Forestry Department, Rome Misa Masuda, University of Tsukuba Roger Sedjo, Resources for the Future, USA Brent Sohngen, Ohio State University, USA Yaoqi Zhang, Auburn University, USA

World Forests Description As forests stay high on the global political agenda, and forest-related industries diversify, cutting edge research into the issues facing forests has become more and more transdisciplinary. With this is mind, Springer’s World Forests series has been established to provide a key forum for research-based syntheses of globally relevant issues on the interrelations between forests, society and the environment. The series is intended for a wide range of readers including national and international entities concerned with forest, environmental and related policy issues; advanced students and researchers; business professionals, non-governmental organizations and the environmental and economic media. Volumes published in the series will include both multidisciplinary studies with a broad range of coverage, as well as more focused in-depth analyses of a particular issue in the forest and related sectors. Themes range from globalization processes and international policies to comparative analyses of regions and countries.

Jim Douglas    Markku Simula ●

The Future of the World’s Forests Ideas vs Ideologies

Jim Douglas Australian National University College of Medicine, Biology and Environment Fenner School of Environment and Society Canberra, ACT Australia [email protected]

Markku Simula University of Helsinki Department of Agriculture and Forestry Finland [email protected]

ISBN 978-90-481-9581-7 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9582-4 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9582-4 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935295 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Cleared forest for agriculture in southern Mexico (2005). Photograph by Markku Simula. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

We dedicate this book to the memory of Alf Leslie, whom we lost in January 2009. Over six or more decades of engagement in forests, especially the tropical forests, Alf was one of the most incisive and original thinkers about how we shou