The growth of zinc phthalocyanine thin films by pulsed laser deposition
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ina Bensalah-Ledoux and Stephan Guy Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
Jiří Bulíř Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
Přemysl Fitl and Jan Vlcek Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; and Department of Physics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
Dominika Zákutná Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
Eva Marešová Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; and Department of Physics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
Pavel Hubík and Irena Kratochvílová Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
Martin Vrˇnata University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
Ján Lancok Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic (Received 23 July 2015; accepted 1 December 2015)
Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using KrF laser (k 5 248 nm, s 5 5 ns). The effect of laser fluence (in the region from 10 to 100 mJ/cm2) and repetition rate of 50 and 200 Hz to the film growth and its properties was investigated. The growth of ZnPc thin film was in situ monitored using transmission measurement in ultraviolet-visible spectral range. The optical properties in conjunction with density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory calculations suggested the growth of the film in b-phase. X-ray diffraction also revealed crystalline character of the film. The electrical properties analyzed by van der Pauw method exhibited resistivity q 108–1010 X cm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed low deterioration of PLD deposited ZnPc films. We demonstrate that, by finely tuning the deposition conditions, PLD is a successful technique for fabrication of ZnPc thin films.
I. INTRODUCTION
Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is an organic molecular material possessing outstanding electronic and optical properties as well as thermal stability and chemical resistance. ZnPc has been utilized in organic solar cells,1 photoelectrochemical cells,2 organic light emitting diodes,3 photosensitizers,4 nonlinear optical materials,5
Contributing Editor: Joan M. Redwing a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.379
liquid crystals,6 Langmuir–Blodgett films,7 optical data storage,8 and gas sensors.7,9,10 Vacuum evaporation is most widespread technique to prepare ZnPc thin films.9,10 ZnPc thin films can also be fabricated by sol–gel, glow discharge-induced sublimation11 and laser assisted techniques such as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE).12,13 MAPLE demands relatively complex deposition procedure involv
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