The hyperfine puzzle of strong-field bound-state QED
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The hyperfine puzzle of strong-field bound-state QED 1 ¨ ¨ · J. Ullmann1,2,3,4 · L. V. Skripnikov5,6 · Z. Andelkovic7 · W. Nortersh auser 7,8 C. Brandau · A. Dax9 · W. Geithner7 · C. Geppert1,10,11 · C. Gorges1,10 · 1 · F. Kraus12 · B. Kresse13 · ¨ M. Hammen1,10,11 · V. Hannen4 · S. Kaufmann1,10 · K. Konig 7 1 1 14 ¨ 15 · Y. A. Litvinov · M. Lochmann · B. Maaß · J. Meisner · T. Murbock 13 7 12 14 ´ A. F. Privalov · R. Sanchez · B. Scheibe · M. Schmidt · S. Schmidt1 · 5 7 2,3,7 · R. C. Thompson16 · C. Trageser7,8 · ¨ V. M. Shabaev · M. Steck · T. Stohlker 13 4 M. Vogel · J. Vollbrecht · A. V. Volotka2,5 · C. Weinheimer4
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract The hyperfine splitting in heavy highly charged ions provide the means to test QED in extremely strong magnetic fields. In order to provide a meaningful test, the splitting has to be measured in H-like and Li-like ions to remove uncertainties from nuclear structure. This has been achieved at the experimental storage ring ESR but a discrepancy to the theoretical prediction of more than 7σ was observed. We report on these measurements as well as on NMR measurements that were performed to solve this issue. Keywords Hyperfine structure · Highly charged ions · Laser spectrosocpy · Storage ring · NMR · Magnetic moment
1 Introduction The hyperfine structure of heavy highly charged ions provides the opportunity to test quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the strongest electric and magnetic fields available in the laboratory. While QED is tested to a precision in the ppt regime on elementary particles, especially the g-factor of the electron [1], and in light to medium few-electron systems, see e.g., [2–5], the accuracy of tests in strong electric fields is still of the order of 1% [6, 7]. The hyperfine splitting in heavy highly charged ions like lead and bismuth has been considered as a very sensitive test in the regime of the strongest magnetic fields, where a conclusive This article is part of the Topical Collection on Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trapped Charged Particles and Fundamental Physics (TCP 2018), Traverse City, Michigan, USA, 30 September-5 October 2018 Edited by Ryan Ringle, Stefan Schwarz, Alain Lapierre, Oscar Naviliat-Cuncic, Jaideep Singh and Georg Bollen W. N¨ortersh¨auser
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Extended author information available on the last page of the article.
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test was still missing. Therefore, the hyperfine splitting was determined in hydrogen-like ions of 209 Bi [8], and 208 Pb [9] by laser spectroscopy at the experimental storage ring ESR at GSI, and for 185,187 Re [10], 165 Ho [11] and 203,205 Tl [12] in an EBIT by passive emission spectroscopy. It turned out, however, that the extraction of the QED contribution was hampered by the uncertainty of nuclear structure contributions. While the influence of the nuclear charge distribution is well under control, it is especially the magnetic moment distribution (Bohr-Weisskopf effect) that limits the ac
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