The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia: an observational cohort study
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RESEARCH
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The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia: an observational cohort study Eva Mautner*, Christina Stern, Maria Deutsch, Eva Nagele, Elfriede Greimel, Uwe Lang and Mila Cervar-Zivkovic
Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is a frequent obstetric complication which affects the mother`s and the fetus’s health and can be life threatening. It also has an impact on psychological outcomes. There may be protective variables such as resilience shielding against psychosocial distress in women experiencing these pregnancy complications. The aim of this study was to examine differences in resilience in terms of quality of life, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in women after preeclampsia. Methods: Four international validated questionnaires were used to measure the psychological outcomes (Medical Outcome Study Short-Form SF12, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale EPDS, Resilience Scale RS13, Impact of Event Scale IES-R). Statistical analyses were performed using independent-samples t-test and chi-square test. Results: 67 women with previous preeclampsia returned the questionnaires. Women with high resilience showed significantly less depression (p = 0.001) and better mental quality of life (p = 0.002) compared to women with low resilience. No group differences were found on the medical and socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Resilience has an important impact on the psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia. A screening for resilience, depression and quality of life may be appropriate to identify these women. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Depression, Post-traumatic stress, Quality of life, Psychological outcomes, Resilience
Background Preeclampsia, along with other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy occurs in 2 to 8% of pregnancies. It is a major contributor to maternal mortality worldwide [1-3]. The multifactorial pathogenesis of different preeclampsia phenotypes has not been fully elucidated, therefore prevention and prediction are still not possible, and symptomatic clinical management is mainly directed to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia affects the health of the mother and the fetus seriously and may lead to maternal multiorgan dysfunction and uteroplacental insufficiency followed by intrauterine growth restriction and fetal asphyxia. Preeclampsia turns a pregnancy into a high-risk one. Women have to cope with a serious, often life-threatening illness that affects not only themselves but also their unborn [4]. * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Augenbruggerplatz 14, Graz A-8036, Austria
Women after preeclampsia often experience more health complaints than women with uncomplicated pregnancies and seem to be impaired in their physical and mental well-being [5]. In previous studies the risk for preterm delivery was found especially to be related to low health related quality of life (HRQoL) and a high level of depressive symptoms durin
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