The Influence of Climate Change on Insect Invasions in Temperate Forest Ecosystems
Climate change could potentially become one of the most important influences on forest ecosystem function and diversity due to its profound effect on many biotic processes. Additionally, climate change could interact with other anthropogenically driven ag
- PDF / 272,182 Bytes
- 27 Pages / 439.37 x 666.14 pts Page_size
- 18 Downloads / 228 Views
Abstract Climate change could potentially become one of the most important influences on forest ecosystem function and diversity due to its profound effect on many biotic processes. Additionally, climate change could interact with other anthropogenically driven agents of forest alteration, such as non-native invasive species. Although their arrival is primarily facilitated by global trade and travel, climate and changes to climate have affected and will likely continue to affect rates of invasive species establishment, range expansion, and impact to native ecosystems. In this chapter, we attempt to synthesize broadly the interaction between climate change and non-native insect invasions in temperate forest ecosystems. We highlight four primary effects: changes in distributional ranges, outbreak frequency and intensity, seasonality and voltinism, and trophic interactions. A paucity of data for some processes necessitated the use of exemplar native species in native ranges, and their extrapolation to non-native species. Future studies should give greater attention to the complexity associated with these interacting forces of change in forest ecosystems.
P.C. Tobin (*) Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA e-mail: [email protected] D. Parry College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA B.H. Aukema Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA T. Fenning (ed.), Challenges and Opportunities for the World’s Forests in the 21st Century, Forestry Sciences 81, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7076-8_12, © US Government 2014
267
268
1
P.C. Tobin et al.
Introduction
Climate change and invasions by non-native species each constitute major threats to forest ecosystems worldwide (Dale et al. 2001), yet attempts to synthesize broadly their interacting impacts are limited (Engel et al. 2011; Hellmann et al. 2008; Walther et al. 2009). The inherent complexity of each and the potential confounding and compounding effects when considered jointly have hampered analysis of actual and potential effects on forest ecosystems. Another consideration is that the paramount stage of biological invasions, the arrival stage, is predominately a result not of climate change but of increasing global trade through which new species ‘hitchhike’ on products, nursery stock, packing materials, and in ship hulls and ballast water (Hulme et al. 2008; Lockwood et al. 2007). Consumer demand for many foreign manufactured goods is also not generally dependent upon or influenced by climate, at least not in the short-term. In fact, one could argue that due to changing climates, there could be a greater emphasis on reducing carbon footprints associated with foreign imports with a consequent increase in the desire to purchase locally available products that in turn could conceivably reduce the volume of imports and species that are introduced with these imports. In the absence of an environmental revolution and m
Data Loading...
