Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas

Both fire and climatic variability have monumental impacts on the dynamics of temperate ecosystems. These impacts can sometimes be extreme or devastating as seen in recent El Nino/La Nina cycles and in uncontrolled fire occurrences. This volume brings tog

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Edited by I.T. Baldwin, Jena, Germany M.M. Caldwell, Logan, USA G. Heldmaier, Marburg, Germany O.L. Lange, Würzburg, Germany H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA E.-D. Schulze, Jena, Germany U. Sommer, Kiel, Germany

Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1992 are listed at the end of this book.

Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo

Thomas T. Veblen William L. Baker Gloria Montenegro Thomas W. Swetnam Editors

Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas With 122 Illustrations

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Thomas T. Veblen Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0260 USA [email protected]

William L. Baker Department of Geography and Recreation University of Wyoming Laramie, WY 82071 USA [email protected]

Gloria Montenegro Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Casilla 306 Santiago, Chile [email protected]

Thomas W. Swetnam Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 USA [email protected]

Cover illustration: Photographs courtesy of Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, and Thomas T. Veblen.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fire and climatic change in temperate ecosystems of the western Americas p. cm.—(Ecological studies; v. 160) Includes bibliographical references (p.). ISBN 0-387-95455-4 (alk. paper) 1. Fire ecology—West (U.S.) 2. Climatic changes—West (U.S.) 3. Fire ecology— South America. 4. Climatic changes—South America. I. Veblen, Thomas T., 1947– II. Series. QH104.5.W4 F57 2002 577.2—dc21 2002017655 ISSN 0070-8356 ISBN 0-387-95455-4

Printed on acid-free paper.

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SPIN 10868329

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Preface

In the context of global change, there is an increasing urgency for a comprehensive understanding of how climatic variation influences fire regimes across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. The chapters in this book examine how the spatial and temporal variation of fire occurrence varies in particular ecosystems and broad regions, particularly in relation to climate but also