The influence of soil compaction in explaining spatial heterogeneity of different larch forest types: a preliminary stud
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The influence of soil compaction in explaining spatial heterogeneity of different larch forest types: a preliminary study Yuan Tian1 • Qiuliang Zhang1 • Xuan Liu1
Received: 30 October 2018 / Accepted: 31 January 2019 The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Compacted soil has an adverse effect on plant roots and affects water and nutrient availability. However, different degrees of soil compaction may be suitable for growth and development of different understory species. This study determined whether soil compaction could explain characteristics of 10 different Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) forest types in the Daxing’anling area. The relationship of soil compaction to soil depth was also studied. Forty-five tests were conducted on soil compaction of the 10 forest types with multiple comparisons, of which five showed no significant differences. At different soil depths, there were significant differences in soil compaction among forest types. The correlation between the degree of soil compaction and depth was positive and significant. The Larix gmelinii—shrub forest type, L. gmelinii—herb forest type, and L. gmelinii—swamp forest type were significantly different in soil compaction according to soil depth. This research indicates that, as a Project funding: This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0504003), the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (Grant No. B2018111936Z). This work was supported by CFERN and BEIJING TECHNO SOLUTIONS Award Funds on excellent academic achievements. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong. & Qiuliang Zhang [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
physical property, soil compaction may be used to explain forest distribution spatial variabilities. Keywords Vegetation distribution Biogeocenosis Species response Forest management Soil compaction
Introduction Soils of coniferous forest may be compressed due to in natural conditions such as repeated freezing and thawing of seasonal frozen ground (Defossez and Richard 2002; Sivarajan et al. 2018), and by factors such as macro- and micro-fauna activities (D’Or and Destain 2016). In addition, the weight of mature trees and downward forces of wind action are transmitted through root systems to the soil to affect compaction (Greacen and Sands 1980). Compaction affects many soil properties and processes (SiegelIssem et al. 2005; Soracco et al. 2015). From a physical consideration, compaction affects soil water levels (Menon et al. 2015), infiltration rates (Castellano and Valone 2007; Antille et al. 2016), and gas transmission (Peth et al. 2010). From a chemical aspect, compaction may cause changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels (Tan and Chang 2007; Tan et al. 2008), and lead to s
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