Soil compaction under different management practices in a Croatian vineyard
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soil compaction under different management practices in a Croatian vineyard Igor Bogunovic 1 & Darija Bilandzija 1 & Zeljko Andabaka 2 & Domagoj Stupic 2 & Jesús Rodrigo Comino 3,4 & Marija Cacic 1 & Luka Brezinscak 1 & Edi Maletic 2 & Paulo Pereira 5
Received: 24 April 2017 / Accepted: 6 July 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2017
Abstract The use of machinery in vineyards is increasing soil compaction and erosion. However, there is a lack of information about the impacts of different management practices on soil conditions of vineyards. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess soil compaction in Croatian vineyards under four different management systems: no-tillage (NT) system, conventional tillage (CT), yearly inversed grass covered (INVGC) and tillage managed (INV-T) treatments. Four key topsoil (0–20 cm) parameters were assessed in the different land uses: bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), soil water content (SWC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. Tractor traffic increased the BD and PR in all treatments, with exception of CT treatment, as consequence of tillage. SWC showed higher values in INV-GC treatment during the dry period; meanwhile, it was similar during the wet season in every management type. Lower CO2 fluxes were found in INV-GC and NT than in the CT and INV-T treatments.
Keywords Tillage management . CO2 fluxes . Soil water content . Bulk density . Penetration resistance * Darija Bilandzija [email protected]
1
Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Department of Geograpy, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
4
Physical Geography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
5
Department of Environmental Policy, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
Introduction The sustainability of agro-ecosystems presents a major issue of concern all around the Earth (García-Ruiz and LanaRenault 2011). In vineyards, centuries of intensive soil management resulted in continuous land degradation processes (Prosdocimi et al. 2016). In these areas, one of the causes of soil degradation is wheel traffic, which can decrease soil fertility, aggregate stability and biological activity (Dorner et al. 2010). Traffic increases penetration resistance and erosion (Ziadat and Taimeh 2013), disrupts soil structure (Barik et al. 2014; Saha and Kukal 2015), hydraulic conductivity (Keller and Arvidsson 2006; Botta et al. 2010), root elongation and development (Tolon-Becerra et al. 2011; Tracy et al. 2013) and restrict aeration and gaseous movement in soilplant-air continuum (Hamza and Anderson 2005; Nawaz et al. 2013). Soil compaction in vineyards is responsible for the increase of soil erosion rates. This results in reduction of the vineyard productivity (Ferrero et al. 2005; Arnaez et al. 2007) and
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