The innovative bio-inspired fabrication of the cheap cross-linked cellulose/graphene oxide/ZnO bio-nanopolymer and its h
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The innovative bio‑inspired fabrication of the cheap cross‑linked cellulose/graphene oxide/ZnO bio‑nanopolymer and its high catalytic performance Atena Naeimi1 · Omid Jawhid1,2 · Sedighe Abbaspour3 Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract Molybdenum complex was immobilized on the extracted cellulose from Palmer amaranth plant (CLCSbMo). Then, by addition of graphene oxide/ZnO bio-nanocomposite to CLCSbMo, rGO/ZnO@CLCSbMo bio-nanopolymer was produced. It was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DTA, XRD and EDAX. Its catalytic activity was investigated on the oxidation of alcohols and corresponded aldehydes and ketones were obtained with high conversions and excellent selectivities. This heterogeneous catalyst was recycled and data were shown the high stability and durability after five runs. Keywords Cellulose · Graphene oxide · Cross-link · Palmer amaranth · Bio nanopolymers
Introduction Natural polymer composites have unique properties for heterogeneous catalyst in industry as support materials, because they are biodegradable, inexpensive, and oxidation resistance [1]. Recoverability, reusability and easy separation of catalyst are the properties of these kinds of bio-catalysts [2]. In this regards, immobilized transition metal complex on biopolymers such as cellulose can improve their catalytic activity and they show high potential for heterogenization of homogenous catalysts [3–6]. Graphene oxide (GO) [7–9] have emerged as promising super adsorbents due to their high active sites, high porosity and great stability [10–12]. Recently, cellulose/graphene oxide (GO) composites have been reported to enhance the physiochemical properties such as strong absorption, mechanical strength and thermal stability [13–15]. GO along with hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy functional groups are * Atena Naeimi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
dispersible in polar solvents allowing to easier preparing for polymer composites [16–18]. Herein, a zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite were firstly prepared from Palmer amaranth plant. Then, cellulose was extracted from this plant and modified by a molybdenum complex. The catalytic activity of this bio-nano polymer on oxidation of alcohols using H2O2 without any toxic solvents and additives was evaluated.
Materials and methods Acetic acid glacial and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Panreac Quimica S.A.U. Sulfuric acid (9597%), phosphoric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were provided from Merck Company. Epichlorohydrin came from Riedel De Haen AGSeelze Hannover (Germany). P-phenylene diamine and sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4) were bought from Fluka AG (Buchs, Switzerland) and BDH Chemicals Ltd Poo
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