The Journey of Bahrain to Economic Diversification

The Kingdom of Bahrain is the smallest and the most vulnerable economy among the GCC countries, due to relatively low energy resources and limited market and savings. Therefore, the issue of diversification is crucial to the national economy. Bahrain came

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Héla Miniaoui Editor

Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries From Rentier States to Diversified Economies

Gulf Studies Volume 1

Series Editor Md Mizanur Rahman, Gulf Studies Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

This series is dedicated to serving growing academic interests in the dynamic, complex and strategically important Gulf region, offering a publication platform to scholars in the region and globally. The series takes an interdisciplinary approach to documenting the changes taking place in the Gulf societies, and examines the evolving relationship between the Gulf and other regions. The series advances non‐ Western perspectives in studying the Gulf societies, and their interactions with the rest of the world. The series includes work being done on the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely: Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait, in addition to Iran, Iraq, and Yemen. The series accepts proposals for monographs, edited volumes and handbooks that provide an understanding of the Gulf societies’ contemporary social, economic, and political landscapes. The series covers a wide range of topics within four broad themes, as follows: Social and Cultural Issues in the Gulf: Demography, migration, citizenship, gender, culture and identity, urbanization, education, new media, unemployment, youth, family, women empowerment, leadership, aging, human rights, sports, Islamic ethics, and Islam and society Politics and Security in the Gulf: Gulf defence and security, the GCC integration, democracy and political reform, Gulf politics and political systems, the GCC’s foreign policy Energy and Economics in the Gulf: The political economy of the Gulf, economic diversification, international investments, international trade, knowledge economy, energy security and geopolitics of energy, renewable energy development, environmental regulations, infrastructure and urban planning, Islamic finance The GCC and the World: The GCC and Iran, the GCC and Africa, the GCC and South Asia, the GCC and East Asia, the GCC and Southeast Asia, and the GCC and Western Powers

More information about this series at https://www.springer.com/series/16417

Héla Miniaoui Editor

Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries From Rentier States to Diversified Economies

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Editor Héla Miniaoui Qatar University Doha, Qatar

ISSN 2662-4494 ISSN 2662-4508 (electronic) Gulf Studies ISBN 978-981-15-6057-6 ISBN 978-981-15-6058-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6058-3 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodol