The Life Cycle of Copper, Its Co-Products and Byproducts
Achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development requires better information about the consequences of proposed actions. Partial information accounts for many failed efforts in the past. The financial implications for the proponent of the pro
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ECO-EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE VOLUME 13 Series Editor: Arnold Tukker, TNO-STB, Delft, The Netherlands Editorial Advisory Board: Martin Charter, Centre for Sustainable Design, The Surrey Institute of Art & Design, Farnham, United Kingdom John Ehrenfeld, International Society for Industrial Ecology, New Haven, U.S.A. Gjalt Huppes, Centre of Environmental Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Reid Lifset, Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, U.S.A. Theo de Bruijn, Center for Clean Technology and Environmental Policy (CSTM), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
The Life Cycle of Copper, Its Co-Products and Byproducts by
Robert U. Ayres Center for the Management of Environmental Resources INSEAD, Fontainebleau Cedex, France
Leslie W. Ayres Center for the Management of Environmental Resources INSEAD, Fontainebleau Cedex, France and
Ingrid Råde Physical Resource Development, School of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
With contributions from Roland Geyer Donald Rogich Benjamin Warr Foreword by Luke Danielson Project Director: Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED) London
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6396-0
ISBN 978-94-017-3379-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3379-3
Cover photo of Bronze statue of Amita-Buddha, “Diabusu” of Great Buddha, cast in 1252 A.D. by Ono-Goroemon and Tanji-Hisatomo, is used with permission of Ms. Michiko Sato, manager of the Koutoku-in-temple, Japan.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
xiii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The life cycle perspective 1.2. Historical background 1.3. Geology of copper 1.4. Geology of lead and zinc
1 1 6 14 18
CHAPTER 2. COPPER: SOURCES AND SUPPLY 2.1. Physical properties and chemistry 2.2. Copper production 2.3. Process technology 2.3.1. Mining 2.3.2. Beneficiation 2.3.3. Leaching 2.3.4. Cementation and solvent extraction (SX) 2.3.5. Roasting, and smelting 2.3.6. Converting 2.3.7. Electrowinning 2.3.8. Fire refining and electrolytic refining 2.3.9. Future trends in primary processing 2.4. Exergy and exergy flows 2.5. Sulfur recovery 2.6. Production-related wastes and emissions 2.6.1. Mining wastes 2.6.2. Beneficiation wastes 2.6.3.
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