The Logic of Intentional Objects A Meinongian Version of Classical L
Intentionality is one of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary phenomenology and analytic philosophy. This book investigates intentionality from the point of view of intentional objects. According to the classical approach to this concept,
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Managing Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University
Editors: DlRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands DONALD DAVIDSON, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University ofGroningen, The Netherlands PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California JAN WOLENSKI, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
VOLUME269
Jacek Pasniczek Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
THELOGICOF INTENTIONAL OBJECTS A Meinongian Version of Classical Logic
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-4968-1 ISBN 978-94-015-8996-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8996-3
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any fonn or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
vii
1
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCING SUBJECT-PREDICATE FORMAL LANGUAGE: CAN NAMES AND QUANTIFIERS SHARE THE SAME CATEGORY? 7 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1. 7 1.8
Why logic differentiates between quantifiers and names? 8 10 The language with derivative predicates The language with entangled predicates 12 Variables in Classical Logic. Areinterpretation of grammar for 15 quantifiers Deductive properties of individual constants 18 The uniform semantic interpretation of names and quantifiers 20 The generalised quantifier perspective 25 Subject-predicate formulas and subject-predicate languages 27
CHAPTER H. M-LOGIC
30
2.1 Syntax of M-Iogic 2.1.1 M-language 2.1.2 M-system 2.1.3 Selected Theses and Syntactic Properties of M-system 2.2 Semantics of M-Iogic 2.2.1 Models and Satisfaction. Soundness Theorem 2.2.2 M-logic and Classical logic. Completeness Theorem 2.3 M-Iogic with defmition schemata for new terms
31 31 32 33 45 45 47 52
CHAPTER III. ONTOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF M-LOGIC
58
3.1
Meinongian ontology
59
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS M-ontology as a Meinongian ontology 3.3 Existence and identity in M-ontology 3.4 Properties in M-ontology 3.5 Reduction of M-properties to M-objects 3.6 Ontological commitment of M-Iogic
3.2
CHAPTER IV. EXTENDING M-LOGIC 4.1 4.2 4.3
Free M-Iogic Modal M-Iogic Non-standard possible worlds and the logic of generalised operators
CHAPTER V. REFERENCE AND INTENTIONALITY 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Theory of reference in M-Iogic Classical theories of intentionality and M-Iogic The dual ontological structure of intentional objects Paradoxes in formal theories of objects of thought Intentional objects vs. intentional states of affairs. Aspectual and horizontal objects
CHAPTER VI. TWO-SORTED AND INTENSIONAL M-LOGIC 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
63 66 70 73 77
82 83
88
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