Validation of a Spanish version of the Spine Functional Index
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Validation of a Spanish version of the Spine Functional Index Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas1,2* and Charles P Gabel3
Abstract Background: The Spine Functional Index (SFI) is a recently published, robust and clinimetrically valid patient reported outcome measure. Objectives: The purpose of this study was the adaptation and validation of a Spanish-version (SFI-Sp) with cultural and linguistic equivalence. Methods: A two stage observational study was conducted. The SFI was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translation then validated for its psychometric characteristics. Participants (n = 226) with various spine conditions of >12 weeks duration completed the SFI-Sp and a region specific measure: for the back, the Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) and Backache Index (BADIX); for the neck, the Neck Disability Index (NDI); for general health the EQ-5D and SF-12. The full sample was employed to determine internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity by region and health, construct validity and factor structure. A subgroup (n = 51) was used to determine reliability at seven days. Results: The SFI-Sp demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.85) and reliability (r = 0.96). The factor structure was one-dimensional and supported construct validity. Criterion specific validity for function was high with the RMQ (r = 0.79), moderate with the BADIX (r = 0.59) and low with the NDI (r = 0.46). For general health it was low with the EQ-5D and inversely correlated (r = −0.42) and fair with the Physical and Mental Components of the SF-12 and inversely correlated (r = −0.56 and r = −0.48), respectively. The study limitations included the lack of longitudinal data regarding other psychometric properties, specifically responsiveness. Conclusions: The SFI-Sp was demonstrated as a valid and reliable spine-regional outcome measure. The psychometric properties were comparable to and supported those of the English-version, however further longitudinal investigations are required. Keywords: Spine, Psychometrics, Outcome measure, Spanish
Introduction Patient reported outcome (PRO) measures [1,2] are a required and integral part of the patient health management process. The PROs provide objective responses on status and function that assist clinicians, surgeons and researchers to track a patients progress and determine if status has changed. These changes, or the lack, can be a * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Universidad de Malaga, Andalucia Tech, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psiquiatria y Fisioterapia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Grupo de Clinimetria (AE-14), Av/ Arquitecto Peñalosa s/n (Teatinos Campus Expansion), Malaga, Spain 2 School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
consequence of natural healing or an intervention, be that conservative or surgical [3]. This external quantification process has be
